Urban Revitalization and Long-Term Effects on Diet, Economic, and Health Outcomes

项目摘要 粮食不安全--缺乏为积极健康的生活提供足够食物的持续途径--是一个基本的社会问题 与营养不良、肥胖和慢性病有关的健康决定因素。在最初的几个月里 新冠肺炎大流行，加剧了粮食不安全方面现有的种族不平等。与.相比 美国总人口预计增加60%，粮食不安全增加近80% 在宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的两个低收入非裔美国人食物沙漠社区的居民中。 来自我们队列的其他数据以及其他研究表明，金融市场也出现了大幅上升 随着大流行和应对政策的展开，出现了不稳定和精神健康方面的挑战。我们建议 这三个因素可能是一个共同因素(流行病的协同作用)的一部分，即粮食不安全、金融 不稳定和精神痛苦可能有着相似的原因，它们也相互影响，而且 这一过程因不利因素而加剧。很少有科学研究有纵向数据可以用来 检查这些因素。我们的低收入非裔美国人纵向队列为我们提供了一个机会 检查大流行对健康和经济的影响。我们建议分析我们的匹兹堡 邻里变化与健康研究(PHRESH)三个时期收集的队列数据， 包括新冠肺炎大流行之前和期间，以检验这些想法。具体来说，我们的目标是：(1) 检查新冠肺炎遏制和缓解努力的影响(关闭、留在家中的订单、 学校关闭)从大流行前(2018年)到大流行初期的粮食安全、金融稳定和心理健康 几个月(2020年春季)，到美国疫情爆发后一年多(到2021年年中)，检测 这些结果中的趋势以及这些趋势如何相互关联。此外，我们还将(2)测试 预先存在的(2018)个人水平感知的程度(例如，自我报告的歧视、低社会地位 地位)和结构性(社区投资、改善的社会经济条件、可步行)不平等 减缓大流行的影响，缓冲或加剧其对居民粮食安全、金融 稳定和心理健康。

Project Summary Food insecurity—a lack of consistent access to enough food for an active, healthy life—is a fundamental social determinant of health linked to poor nutrition, obesity, and chronic disease. During the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic, existing racial inequities in food insecurity were exacerbated. Compared to an estimated increase of 60% in the U.S. general population, food insecurity increased nearly 80% among residents of two low-income African American food desert neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Other data from our cohort as well as other studies suggests there were also substantial upticks in financial instability and mental health challenges as the pandemic and policy responses to it unfolded. We propose these three factors may be part of a syndemic (synergy of epidemics), i.e., that food insecurity, financial instability and mental distress may share similar causal roots, that they also influence one another, and that this process is exacerbated by disadvantage. Few scientific studies have longitudinal data with which to examine these factors. Our longitudinal cohort of low-income African Americans allows an opportunity to examine the health and economic impact of the pandemic. We propose analyses of our Pittsburgh Research on Neighborhood Change and Health (PHRESH) cohort data collected during three periods, including before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, to test these ideas. Specifically, our aims are to: (1) Examine the effects of the COVID-19 containment and mitigation efforts (shut downs, stay at home orders, school closings) on food security, financial stability, and mental health from pre-pandemic (2018) to its early months (Spring 2020), to more than one year following the U.S. outbreak (through mid-year 2021), testing for trends in these outcomes and how these trends are associated with one another. In addition, we will (2) test the extent to which pre-existing (2018) individual-level perceived (e.g., self-reported discrimination, low social status) and structural (neighborhood investments, improved socioeconomic conditions, walkability) inequities moderated pandemic impacts, buffering or exacerbating its influence on residents’ food security, financial stability and mental health.