From neighborhood disadvantage to antisocial behavior: Neurobiological pathways

几十年的研究已经强调了不利的邻里环境对未来的破坏性影响 健康后果，包括青少年反社会行为(ASB)，如殴打、盗窃和破坏公物。虽然 现在几乎没有人会质疑邻里劣势的行为后遗症，驾驶的机制(S) 这些影响目前还不清楚。家长资助的一个主要焦点是了解社会过程是如何在 家庭(育儿)和环境中的物理过程(毒物)会破坏大脑的发育 结构和功能)。目前的补充剂申请旨在深化这项研究的重点 影响杏仁核和更广泛的皮质边缘回路激活的邻居的社会过程 -启动和调节应激反应的关键神经区域。通过考察社会因素在 社区(缺乏社会凝聚力，遭受暴力)可能会破坏 与应激相关的神经功能，建议的补充将使用遗传信息的发育 用神经科学的方法来理解家庭以外的更广泛的社会背景可能会如何破坏 发展。通过使用双胞胎样本，拟议的项目将利用双胞胎差异来确定 影响大脑发育的因果机制。此外，通过这个项目，博士生将获得 在功能神经成像、行为遗传学和邻里效应方面的前沿、跨学科培训， 这种方式将延续她强大的学术轨迹，并为她的小说、研究和独特的地位 专注于职业生涯，在典型的学习课程之外进行培训。这项培训将使该学生 通过建立她在多个学科的技能，为未来的资金(F，K，R系列)做好准备。因此，建议的 研究将加强家长资助的目标，同时为有才华的初级研究人员提供独特的培训 世界卫生组织将增加科学界的多样性。

Decades of research have highlighted the damaging effects of disadvantaged neighborhood contexts on later health outcomes, including youth antisocial behaviors (ASB) such as assault, theft, and vandalism. Although few would now contest the behavioral sequelae of neighborhood disadvantage, the mechanism(s) driving these effects are as yet unclear. A major focus of the parent grant is to understand how social processes in the home (parenting) and physical processes in the environment (toxicants) undermine brain development (across structure and function). The current supplement application aims to deepen the focus of this study on the social processes in the neighborhood that affect the activation of the amygdala and broader corticolimbic circuit – a critical neural regions for the initiation and regulation of the stress response. By examining social factors in the neighborhood (lack of social cohesion, exposure to violence) that may undermine the development of stress-related neural functioning, the proposed supplement will use a genetically-informed developmental neuroscience approach to understand how the broader social context outside of the home may undermine development. Through the use of a twin sample, the proposed project will leverage twin differences to identify causal mechanisms affecting brain development. Moreover, through this project, a PhD student will gain cutting-edge, interdisciplinary training in functional neuroimaging, behavior genetics, and neighborhood effects, in a way that will continue her strong academic trajectory and uniquely position her for a novel, research focused career with training well outside of the typical course of study. This training will position this student well for future funding (F, K, R series) by establishing her skills across multiple disciplines. Thus the proposed study will enhance the Aims of the parent grant, while providing unique training for a talented junior researcher who will add diversity to the scientific community.