Callousness and Distress Processing: An ERP Investigation of Attention and Emotion in Adolescence.

项目摘要。减少与犯罪有关的公共卫生负担的努力必须纳入关于 反社会行为的风险因素。冷酷无情是一种性格特征，涉及冷漠和漠视。 对于其他人，可以在童年时发现，并可能导致长期、严重的反社会风险 行为.1旨在干预反社会行为高危青少年的方案对 高冷酷无情的个体，几乎没有有效的治疗方法被证明可以直接减少性格 冷酷无情2重振停滞不前的临床干预研究工作的一个特别有希望的领域 心理学是对导致精神病理学的神经生物学过程的更多关注，如 反映在国家精神卫生研究所的研究领域标准(RDoC)倡议。3，4理论 冷酷无情假设，冷酷无情个体的基本共情缺陷阻碍了规范性的发展 随着时间的推移，对反社会行为的检查。5对与之相关的移情障碍的理解不足 青春期的冷酷无情阻碍了制定有效的早期干预计划 防止反社会行为。这项拟议的研究将调查与冷酷无情相关的共情功能障碍。 通过多种测量方式，包括行为情绪识别的准确性和各种 对情绪面孔的电生理反应。具体地说，我们将(A)澄清情感的性质 青少年对特定面部表情麻木不仁的认知缺陷，(B)检查关系 青少年对电生理反应的麻木不仁反映了对 面部表情的情感加工，以及(C)研究青春期移情缺陷的特殊性 冷酷无情，超越了去抑制的相关特征。重要的是，尽管迄今为止大多数研究都有 聚焦于已经表现出严重行为问题的年轻人，这个项目将利用一个社区 以调查这些行为和生理特征是否与 在反社会行为出现之前的冷酷无情。结果将直接为改善 对有反社会行为风险的青少年进行神经生物学知情评估和干预。在……里面 此外，通过该奖学金获得的培训经验将为申请者进行富有成效的 作为独立的发展心理生理学家的学术生涯，研究性格特征和早期 有反社会行为的风险。

Project Summary. Efforts to reduce public health burdens associated with crime must incorporate research on risk factors for antisocial behavior. Callousness is a dispositional trait involving unemotionality and disregard for others that can be identified in childhood and confers prospective risk for chronic, severe antisocial behavior.1 Programs that aim to intervene with youth at risk for antisocial behavior are less effective for individuals high in callousness, and few effective treatments have been shown to directly reduce dispositional callousness.2 One area of particular promise for revitalizing stalled intervention research efforts across clinical psychology is an increased attention to neurobiological processes contributing to psychopathology, as reflected in the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative.3,4 Theories of callousness posit that basic empathic deficits in callous individuals preclude the development of normative checks on antisocial behavior over time.5 An inadequate understanding of empathic disruptions associated with callousness in adolescence has hampered the development of effective early intervention programs to prevent antisocial behavior. The proposed study will investigate callousness-related empathic dysfunction through multiple measurement modalities, including behavioral emotion recognition accuracy and various electrophysiological responses to affective faces. Specifically, we will (a) clarify the nature of emotion recognition deficits in adolescent callousness with regard to particular facial expressions, (b) examine relations of adolescent callousness to electrophysiological responses reflecting attentional engagement with and affective processing of facial expressions, and (c) investigate the specificity of empathic deficits in adolescence to callousness, over and above the related trait of disinhibition. Importantly, whereas most research to date has focused on youths already demonstrating severe conduct problems, this project will utilize a community adolescent sample to investigate whether these behavioral and physiological features are associated with callousness prior to the emergence of antisocial behavior. Results will directly inform improvements in neurobiologically informed assessment and intervention with adolescents at risk for antisocial behavior. In addition, the training experiences gained through this fellowship will prepare the applicant for a productive academic career as an independent developmental psychophysiologist examining dispositional traits and early risk for antisocial behavior.