Temperature Controlled Rodent Activity, Feeding and Indirect Calorimeter System

描述（由申请人提供）：测量驱动能量平衡和组织宏量营养素燃料选择的个体因素对于理解影响食物摄入行为、能量消耗以及最终影响体重增加和身体组成的机制至关重要。这些知识与紧迫的公共健康问题直接相关，如肥胖、2型糖尿病、代谢综合征和其他与代谢功能障碍和长期正能量平衡相关的风险，这些正能量平衡导致过多的卡路里以脂肪的形式储存（在脂肪组织、肝脏和其他部位）。为了充分评估能量学和代谢稳态调节的复杂性，经常采用动物模型，因为能量学测量可以与从整个生物体到组织和代谢物水平的生物学强化评估相关联。最理想的情况是，使用这些模型的研究应包括各种影响净卡路里平衡和碳水化合物、脂肪或蛋白质作为能量的利用的因素，包括(a)卡路里摄入量和进餐频率，(b)有助于卡路里需求的能量消耗和行为-活动水平，以及(c)呼吸气体交换比（CO2输出与O2摄入），以计算全身组织常量营养素燃料选择。在这个应用中，我们建议通过购买一个多用户设备来补充加州大学戴维斯分校在糖尿病和肥胖研究、运动生理学和肌肉生物学、营养和能量学方面的现有优势，该设备具有综合功能，可以同时自动记录食物摄入/用餐频率、活动水平、代谢率和燃料选择。后者可以在家里的笼子里确定，在体力活动的过程中轮班或锻炼，或随着环境温度的变化。该单元的优势在于能够容纳大量的小鼠或大鼠，从而使个体研究人员能够在相对较短的时间内完成统计稳健的研究，并允许在转基因小鼠模型中进行更广泛的代谢表型工作，以支持加州大学戴维斯分校小鼠生物学计划的任务区域。9个NIH资助的教师在获奖时有14项拨款被指定为该设备的主要和次要用户。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Measurement of the individual factors that drive energy balance and tissue macronutrient fuel choice is fundamental to understanding the mechanisms influencing food intake behavior, energy expenditure, and ultimately, weight gain and body composition. Such knowledge is directly relevant to pressing public health issues such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and others for which risk is associated with metabolic dysfunction and long-term positive energy balance that results in excessive calorie storage as fat (in adipose tissue, liver, and other sites). To fully evaluate the complexities of energetics and regulation of metabolic homeostasis, animal models are frequently employed since energetics measurements can be correlated to intensive evaluations of biology from the whole-organism down to tissue and metabolite levels. Optimally, studies using these models should include measures of a variety of factors that influence net calorie balance and the utilization of carbohydrate, fat, or protein for energy, including, e.g., (a) calorie intake rates and meal frequencies, (b) energy expenditure and behavior- activity levels that contribute to calorie demands, and (c) respiratory gas exchange ratios (CO2 output vs. O2 intake) to calculate whole-body tissue macronutrient fuel choice. In this application, we propose to complement existing UC Davis campus strengths in diabetes and obesity research, exercise physiology and muscle biology, and nutrition and energetics through the purchase of a multi-user device with comprehensive capabilities to simultaneously and automatically record food intake/meal frequencies, activity levels, and metabolic rate and fuel choice. The latter can be determined in a home cage, in the course of physical activity shifts or exercise, or with changes in environmental temperature. This unit has the advantage of being able to accommodate large numbers of mice or rats, thus enabling individual investigators to complete statistically-robust studies in relatively short periods of time, and allowing for broader-based metabolic phenotyping efforts in genetically-modified mouse models in support of the UC Davis Mouse Biology Program mission area. Nine NIH funded faculty with 14 grants active at the time of award are named major and minor users of this equipment.