Examining Flame Retardant Exposure, Neurocognitive Effects, and Resilience Factors in Children from Underserved Racial/Ethnic Backgrounds in Preschool

摘要 来自缺乏服务的种族/民族背景的儿童可能会增加对阻燃剂的暴露 他们的环境中的化学品从小就威胁到健康和发展。虽然国家 各国政府已经通过了法律，禁止由于神经毒性而产生的多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)， 来自服务不足的种族/民族群体的儿童仍可能遇到多溴二苯醚，初步证据表明 他们可能比白人儿童接触到更多的多溴二苯醚(例如通过年长的家庭， 二手和废弃的家具、衣服和床垫)。此外，儿童暴露在氯化环境中 有机磷酸盐(OPFR)作为阻燃剂，其发育效果在很大程度上仍不清楚。 拟议的研究将审查多溴二苯醚和OPFR的单独和累积影响。 此外，关系和社区因素，如社会支持和联系，可以预测 健康和健康，特别是对于那些每天遭受孤立、服务不足的种族/民族群体的人 和歧视。考察社会和生物因素对认知的联合影响的研究 特别是在环境毒素暴露方面的发展是至关重要的。这个项目的总体目标是 补充拨款是为了研究种族/民族在阻燃暴露方面的差异，并量化 阻燃剂暴露和防护因素(关系因素和社区因素)对儿童的影响 学龄前儿童的认知技能(执行功能或EF)。中心假设是，患有这种疾病的儿童 服务不足的种族/族裔将经历更高水平的多溴二苯醚和OPFR，这将是 预测学龄前儿童的EF技能较低。此外，关系和社区保护因素在 儿童和他们的父母将预测来自服务不足的种族/民族的儿童的EF更高，控制 用于阻燃暴露。这项研究将在母公司研究范围内通过补充文献进行 回顾、分析和指导。这项研究的目的是在母体研究的基础上进行扩展。 预期结果将量化多溴联苯醚和OPFR暴露的种族/民族差异，以及 进一步了解这类暴露的潜在神经毒性影响，以及 来自种族/民族群体的幼儿的关系和社区保护因素 历史上一直没有得到社会的充分服务。此外，该项目将为候选人准备一个独立的 从事研究可改善环境潜在有害影响的保护因素 来自服务不足的种族/族裔群体的儿童的接触，例如文化社会化和文化 身份。

ABSTRACT Children from underserved racial/ethnic backgrounds may have elevated exposures to flame retardant chemicals in their environments that threaten health and development from an early age. Although state governments have passed laws which ban polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) due to neurotoxicity, children from underserved racial/ethnic groups may still encounter PBDEs, and preliminary evidence suggests that they may be exposed to larger quantities of PBDEs than White children (for example through older homes, secondhand and discarded furniture, clothing, and mattresses). Moreover, children’s exposure to chlorinated organophosphates (OPFRs) as flame retardants, and their developmental effects remains largely unknown. The proposed study will examine both the individual and cumulative effects of PBDEs and OPFRs. Additionally, relational and community factors such as social support and connectedness are predictive of health and wellness, especially for those from underserved racial/ethnic groups that experience daily isolation and discrimination. Research that examines joint influences of social and biological factors on cognitive development specifically with regard to environmental toxin exposure is essential. The overall objective in this supplementary grant is to examine racial/ethnic disparities in flame retardant exposures, and to quantify the effects of both flame retardant exposure and protective factors (relational and community) on children’s cognitive skills (executive function or EF) during preschool. The central hypothesis is that children with underserved race/ethnicity will experience higher levels of exposure to both PBDEs and OPFRs, which will be predictive of lower EF skills in preschool. Furthermore, relational and community protective factors among children and their parents will predict higher EF for children from underserved race/ethnic groups, controlling for flame retardant exposure. This study will be conducted within the parent study through additional literature review, analysis, and mentoring. The aims of this study expand upon those of the parent study. The expected outcomes are to have quantified racial/ethnic disparities in PBDE and OPFR exposure, and advanced understanding of potentially neurotoxic effects of such exposures, as well as supportive influences of relational and community protective factors among young children from racial/ethnic groups that have historically been underserved by society. Moreover, this project will prepare the candidate for an independent career to conduct research on protective factors that ameliorate potentially deleterious effects of environmental exposures among children from underserved racial/ethnic groups, such as cultural socialization and cultural identity.