Sex and Age Differences in Immunity to Influenza (SADII)

资助父母奖摘要：流感免疫力的性别和年龄差异 尽管有抗病毒药物和疫苗可用，流感仍然是一个重大的公共卫生威胁；造成 每年大约有100,000人住院，30,000人死亡，工作效率损失约70亿美元 仅在美国一年。性别和年龄正在成为显著影响人类健康的两个宿主变量 流感病毒感染的发病机制和对流感疫苗的反应。小说中的性别和年龄差异 流感免疫(S，ādē)专业研究卓越中心(SCORE) 利用约翰霍普金斯大学国际公认的研究、资源和教育机会 大学改变女性的健康并影响流感疫苗项目的政策决策， 包括通用流感疫苗。SADII成绩研究项目的首要假设是 以女性为主的疫苗诱导的对流感病毒的免疫是年龄相关的，反映了两者 影响免疫反应的性别之间的荷尔蒙、遗传和社会差异(即，两者都是效应者 和记忆)对流感疫苗抗原和结果的影响。SADII将专注于1)的调查人员聚集在一起 在现有的年龄和性别分层的人群中接种季节性流感疫苗；2)动物模型 可以检验从人类群体研究中推断出的假说和作用机制；以及3) 使用统计模型和定性方法研究年龄、虚弱、性别和性别对疫苗结果的影响 研究。通过使用我们研究小组的综合专业知识，SADII处于独特的地位，可以识别 流感疫苗接种和传播免疫反应的性别、年龄和性别差异背后的基础 这些发现将提供给更广泛的研究、临床和公共卫生社区。联合国的首要任务是 SADII的成绩将通过以下具体目标来实现：1)领导和监督 SADII评分以及与约翰·霍普金斯大学和其他地方的其他实体的合作，以制定 翻译研究计划侧重于免疫学和传染病方面的性别和年龄差异；2) 系统评估疫苗诱导的终生免疫反应中的性别和性别差异 使用涉及人体研究和机械动物模型的翻译方法的课程；以及3) 满足在Johns研究性别差异的不同翻译科学家的职业提升需求 霍普金斯大学和更远的地方。我们准备将女性的健康、性和性别研究转化为签名 在约翰·霍普金斯大学以及微生物学和免疫学领域的倡议。

Summary of funded parent award: Sex and Age Differences in Immunity to Influenza Despite the availability of antivirals and vaccines, influenza remains a significant public health threat; causing approximately 100,000 hospitalizations, 30,000 deaths, and approximately $7 billion in lost productivity per year in the United States alone. Sex and age are emerging as two host variables that significantly impact the pathogenesis of influenza virus infection and responses to influenza vaccines. The Sex and Age Differences in Immunity to Influenza (SADII, pronounced sādē) Specialized Center of Research Excellence (SCORE) leverages the internationally recognized research, resources, and educational opportunities at Johns Hopkins University to transform women’s health and impact policy decisions about influenza vaccine programs, including universal influenza vaccines. The overarching hypothesis of the SADII SCORE Research Projects is that female-biased, vaccine-induced immunity to influenza viruses is age-dependent and reflects both hormonal, genetic, and social differences between the sexes that impact immune responses (i.e., both effector and memory) to influenza vaccine antigens and outcomes. SADII brings together investigators focused on 1) seasonal influenza vaccination in an existing age and sex stratified human population; 2) animal models that can test hypotheses and mechanisms of action that are inferred from studies in human populations; and 3) the contributions of age, frailty, sex, and gender to vaccine outcomes using statistical models and qualitative research. By using the combined expertise in our research groups, SADII is uniquely positioned to identify the basis behind sex, age, and gender differences in immune responses to influenza vaccination and disseminate those findings to the broader research, clinical, and public health communities. The overarching mission of the SADII SCORE will be achieved through the following Specific Aims: 1) To provide leadership and oversight of the SADII SCORE and collaboration with other entities at Johns Hopkins and elsewhere to develop a translational research program focused on sex and age differences in immunology and infectious diseases; 2) To systematically evaluate sex and gender differences in vaccine-induced immune responses across the life course using translational approaches involving human studies and mechanistic animal models; and 3) To meet the career enhancement needs of diverse translational scientists studying sex differences at Johns Hopkins and beyond. We are prepared to transform women’s health, sex, and gender research into a signature initiative at Johns Hopkins and in the fields of microbiology and immunology.