Characterizing and modulating neurocognitive processes of learning to trust and distrust in aging

项目摘要(补编)。这份增刊旨在为玛丽莲·奥尔塔博士带来 在我们机构和美国的科学背景中代表性不足，在父母的资助下工作 R01AG072658。这个项目为奥尔塔博士的研究和职业发展提供了一个理想的背景 目标是成为衰老和决策神经科学领域的独立、富有成效的研究人员。奥尔塔博士会 有机会(I)在识别和优化学习的神经认知过程方面具有专业知识 信任和不信任特别脆弱和目前未得到充分研究的老年人口(即个人 有慢性疼痛的人(弱势群体)；(2)高级行为和 神经影像数据；以及(Iii)增强的陈述和学术写作能力。奥尔塔博士将密切合作 与她的指导团队合作，该团队跨越三个家长赠款站点，并包括在 认知和社会情绪实验老化和神经成像分析(艾布纳博士)，计算 强化和学习的建模(威尔逊博士)，决策神经科学(莱特霍尔博士)，以及临床疼痛和 老龄化(Fillingim博士)。在她的倡议下，奥尔塔博士成功地获得了试点资金，以调查决定 在患有慢性疼痛的老年人中，一个特别脆弱和目前研究不足的老年人 关于与信任相关的决策的小组。整合她在慢性疼痛人群中的临床专业知识 家长助学金，奥尔塔博士将对所有三个家长助学金目标做出重大贡献。特别是，她将晋级 目标1，这是为了确认在学习信任成年人寿命样本方面的年龄缺陷，并确定其程度 在老年人中，哪些社会可信度线索通过区分来偏向与信任相关的决策和学习 父母赠款样本中的慢性疼痛状况；以及她在计算建模方面新学到的技能 将能够隔离特定的学习偏向(例如，社交线索、损失厌恶和新近) 正在考虑慢性疼痛状态。此外，奥尔塔博士在高级神经成像数据分析方面的培训 将直接对目标2做出贡献，该目标2寻求确认年龄相关学习背后的改变的神经回路 赤字；同样，将这项工作扩展到慢性疼痛。最后，目标1和目标2下的分析结果将 直接通知目标3以确定用于训练潜在神经回路的延展性的最佳目标 易受伤害老年人的信任学习缺陷。

Project Summary (Supplement). This supplement aims to bring Dr. Marilyn Horta, who is from an underrepresented background in the sciences at our institution and in the US, to work under the parent grant R01AG072658. This project offers an ideal context for Dr. Horta's research and career development given her goals of becoming an independent, productive researcher in aging and decision neuroscience. Dr. Horta would have the opportunity to (i) expertise in the identification and optimization of neurocognitive processes of learning to trust and distrust in particularly vulnerable and currently understudied older adult populations (i.e., individuals with chronic pain; disadvantaged groups); (ii) skills in advanced statistical analysis of behavioral and neuroimaging data; and (iii) enhanced presentation and academic writing abilities. Dr. Horta will work closely with her mentoring team that spans across the three parent grant sites and includes balanced expertise in in cognitive and socioemotional experimental aging and neuroimaging analysis (Dr. Ebner), computational modeling of reinforcement and learning (Dr. Wilson), decision neuroscience (Dr. Lighthall), and clinical pain and aging (Dr. Fillingim). On her initiative, Dr. Horta has successfully obtained pilot funding to investigate decision making among older adults with chronic pain, a particularly vulnerable and currently understudied older adult group regarding trust-related decision making. Integrating her clinical expertise in chronic pain populations under the parent grant, Dr. Horta will significantly contribute to all three parent grant aims. In particular, she will advance Aim 1, which is to confirm age deficits in learning to trust in an adult lifespan sample and determine the extent to which social cues of trustworthiness bias trust-related decisions and learning in older adults, by differentiating chronic pain status among the parent grant sample; and with her newly learned skills in computational modeling under the supplement will be able to isolate specific learning biases (e.g., social cue, loss aversion, and recency) under consideration of chronic pain status. Further, Dr. Horta's training in advanced neuroimaging data analysis will directly contribute to Aim 2, which seeks to confirm altered neurocircuitry underlying age-associated learning deficits; again, extending this work to chronic pain. Finally, findings from the analyses under Aims 1 and 2 will directly inform Aim 3 toward identifying the best target for training the malleability of the neurocircuitry underlying trust-learning deficits in vulnerable older adults.