Project 2 - Impact of Adolescent Vaping on Brain Health

摘要-项目2：青少年吸烟对大脑健康的影响 越来越多的人担心，吸烟尼古丁可能会影响青春期的大脑健康，这是一个快速发展的时期。 成熟尼古丁直接影响整个神经系统的烟碱胆碱能受体， 许多发育后期的大脑区域，包括与注意力，记忆， 执行功能、社会认知和情绪处理。先前的研究表明，尼古丁（在动物体内） 模型）和吸烟（在人类）影响大脑结构和功能;认知和心理社会功能; 和自主调节。然而，人们对尼古丁的使用方式知之甚少，包括使用频率， 产品特性和累积暴露会影响青少年的大脑健康。此外，其他 电子烟气溶胶的化学成分（例如，丙烯醛），这也可能影响大脑发育。我们 总体假设是，vaping影响特定区域/网络的大脑健康， 与注意力、记忆力、执行功能、社会认知和情绪相关的认知/心理社会领域 处理.我们的新机制假设是，vaping对大脑的影响与大脑中 自主神经系统对交感神经张力增加和副交感神经张力减少， 相关的脑血流变化以及感兴趣区域和网络的连通性。我们的三 具体目的是1）确定vaping对青少年大脑功能和结构的影响; 2）检查 vaping对认知和心理社会发展的影响，3）评估vaping对自主神经的影响 神经系统功能我们将评估从纵向在线调查中招募的360名青少年， 基于实验室的研究，使用当前Vapers与从不吸烟者的2：1比例，最大限度地减少潜在的混淆 具有额外的排除标准（例如，大麻使用）。受试者将在2个时间点（18个月）接受测试 apart.这项研究将是迄今为止第一项也是最大的一项纵向量化关键生理和 与青少年电子烟相关的发育变化，提供电子烟对大脑影响的数据 结构/功能、认知和心理社会成熟以及自主神经系统功能。的 项目2的调查结果将被项目4用作预防电子烟信息的潜在目标。

ABSTRACT – PROJECT 2: Impact of Adolescent Vaping on Brain Health There is growing concern that vaping nicotine may affect brain health during adolescence, a period of rapid maturation. Nicotine directly affects nicotinic cholinergic receptors throughout the nervous system resulting in functional changes in many late developing brain regions, including areas implicated in attention, memory, executive function, social cognition, and emotion processing. Prior research established that nicotine (in animal models) and smoking (in humans) affects brain structure and function; cognitive and psychosocial function; and autonomic regulation. However, very little is known about how vaping nicotine, including frequency of use, product characteristics, and cumulative exposure, impacts adolescent brain health. Furthermore, other chemical constituents of vaping aerosols (e.g., acrolein) that could also affect brain development. Our overarching hypothesis is that vaping affects brain health in specific regions/networks and associated cognitive/psychosocial domains related to attention, memory, executive function, social cognition, and emotion processing. Our novel mechanistic hypothesis is that the effects of vaping on the brain are related to shifts in autonomic nervous system towards increased sympathetic and diminished parasympathetic tone with associated changes in cerebral blood flow and connectivity in regions and networks of interest. Our three Specific Aims are 1) Determine the effects of vaping on brain function and structure in adolescents; 2) Examine the effects of vaping on cognitive and psychosocial development, 3) Assess the effects of vaping on autonomic nervous system function. We will assess 360 adolescents recruited from the longitudinal Online Survey for a Lab-Based Study, using a 2:1 ratio of Current Vapers to Never Tobacco Users, minimizing potential confounds with additional exclusion criteria (e.g., marijuana use). Participants will be tested at a 2 time points, 18 months apart. This study will be the first and largest to date that longitudinally quantifies key physiological and developmental changes associated with adolescent vaping, providing data on the impact of vaping on brain structural/functional, cognitive and psychosocial maturation and autonomic nervous system function. The findings from Project 2 will be utilized by Project 4 as potential targets for vaping prevention messages.