Early Life Exposures and Subsequent Cancer Risk

00020-己烯雌酚(DES)，一种于1938年首次合成的药物，在美国和欧洲的数百万孕妇身上用于预防自然流产和早产。1971年，Herbst报道了怀孕期间使用DES与暴露的女性后代中发生阴道透明细胞腺癌(CCA)之间的强烈关联。动物模型已经证明了子宫内暴露的DES对后代的一系列影响，包括生殖功能障碍、免疫系统变化、行为和性异常，以及男性和女性各种生殖癌症的增加。NCI与五个现场中心合作，重新组合了先前研究过的接触和未接触DES的母亲、女儿和儿子的队列，并通过队列中的家庭联系确定了有记录的接触状况的受试者，这些受试者以前没有被研究过。标准化的基线问卷被邮寄给队列成员，以确定癌症和其他疾病的风险。收集了已报告的癌症和癌前疾病的病理报告。已经进行了三个不同阶段的后续行动。本研究的目的是通过邮寄问卷和收集病历的方式继续追踪，从研究的第一阶段开始。人们担心，接触DES的女儿患乳腺癌的风险可能更高。在子宫内暴露于高水平的内源性雌激素被认为会增加患乳腺癌的风险，而Desis是一种有效的雌激素。儿子的癌症风险也将继续得到评估，特别是前列腺癌风险的增加。由于在子宫中暴露于DES的后代目前已年近40，此时癌症发病率开始上升，因此继续对这些队列进行跟踪以确定癌症风险是否长期增加是很重要的。10039-拟议的研究涉及收集单胎绒毛膜双胎、双胎绒毛膜双胎和单胎妊娠的孕妇和脐带血样本，以量化几种激素和其他妊娠产品的浓度差异，包括雌三醇、雌二醇、雌酮、睾酮、雄烯二酮、脱氢表雄酮、黄体酮、甲胎蛋白、催乳素、胰岛素样生长因子和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3。从医疗记录和病理报告中提取数据，以提供有关母亲、婴儿、怀孕和胎盘的信息。这项工作将在达特茅斯希区柯克医学中心、达特茅斯医学院进行。标有唯一ID号的血液样本将被送往NCI的承包商BioReliance进行准备，并运往将进行激素检测的实验室。NCI将以电子形式接收摘要数据。NCI或其承包商将不会收到任何个人身份信息。这项研究已经得到达特茅斯医学院的批准。10041-挪威出生和癌症登记处将被用于调查几个怀孕和围产期因素与成年后代癌症风险的关系。10032-在路易斯安那州立大学健康科学中心与美国癌症研究所合作进行先兆子痫的研究。正在从患有和不患有先兆子痫的母亲和脐带上采集血液样本。对妊娠激素水平与子痫前期的关系进行分析。01132-在这项研究中，我们使用了匹兹堡大学对先兆子痫和无并发症妊娠的队列研究数据，分析了类似孕周的先兆子痫和正常妊娠的母血和脐带血样本，以量化各种激素水平的差异。我们将评估几个母亲、围产期和怀孕因素，如母亲的年龄和出生体重，与正常妊娠中激素水平的关系。此外，我们将确定母体水平在多大程度上代表脐带血水平。马萨诸塞州波士顿的75名孕妇和上海的175名孕妇采集了00043份脐带血样本，中国说。妊娠激素浓度将被测定，并与可能的乳腺癌风险因素相关。

00020 - Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a drug first synthesized in 1938, was administered to several million pregnant women in the U.S. and Europe for the prevention of spontaneous abortion and premature delivery. In 1971, Herbst reported a strong association between DES use in pregnancy and the occurrence of vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) in exposed female offspring. Animal models have demonstrated a range of DES effects on offspring exposed in utero, including reproductive dysfunction, immune system changes, behavioral and sexual abnormalities, and increases in various reproductive cancer in males and females. NCI, in collaboration with five field centers, reassembled previously studied cohorts of DES-exposed and unexposed mothers, daughters and sons, and identified subjects with documented exposure status who had not been studied previously, through familial links within the cohorts. Standardized baseline questionnaires were mailed to cohort members to ascertain the risk of cancer and other disorders. Pathology reports were collected for reported cancers and preneoplastic conditions. Theree separate phases of follow-up have been conducted. The purpose of this study is to continue the follow-up, by means of mailed questionnaires and medical record collection, which was begun during the the first phase of the study. Concern has arisen that DES-exposed daughters may be at higher risk of breast cancer. Exposure to high levels of endogenous estrogen in utero has been hypothesized to increase the risk of breast cancer and DESis a potent estrogen. Cacner risk in the sons will also continure to be assessed, especailly for increased risks of prostate cancer. since the offspring who were exposed to DES in utero are currently reaching their late forties, when cancer rates begin to rise, it is important to continue the follow-up of these cohorts to determine if there are long-term increases in cancer risk. 10039 - The proposed study involves collecting maternal and cord blood samples from monochorionic twin, dichorionic twin and singleton pregnancies of similar gestational age to quantify differences in concentrations of several hormones and other pregnancy products including estriol, estradiol, estrone, testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA-sulfate, progesterone, AFP, prolactin, IGF and IGF-binding protein 3. Data from medical records and pathology reports will be abstracted to provide information on the mother, baby, pregnancy and placenta. The work will be done at Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Dartmouth Medical School. Blood samples labeled with a unique ID number only will be sent to Bioreliance, NCI's contractor, for preperation and shipment to the laboratory that will perform the hormone assays. NCI will receive the abstracted data in electronic form. no personal identifying information will be received by NCI or its contractor. The study has been approved by Dartmouth Medical School. 10041 - The Norwegian birth and cancer registries will be used to investigate the association of several pregnancy and perinatal factors and risk of cancer in adult offspring. 10032 - Collaboration with NICHD on a study of preeclampsia conducted at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center. Blood samples are being collected from mothers and from umbilical cords with and without preeclampsia. The relationship of pregnancy hormone levels and preeclampsia will be analyzed. 01132 - In this study using data from a cohort study of preeclamptic and uncomplicated pregnancies at the University of Pittsburgh, we are analyzing maternal and cord blood samples from preeclamptic and normal pregnancies of similar gestational age to quantify differences in levels of various hormones. We will evaluate associations of several maternal, perinatal and pregnancy factors, such as maternal age and birth weight, with hormone levels in normal pregnancies. In addition, we will determine how well maternal levels represent levels in cord blood. 00043 - Umbilical cord blood samples were collected from 75 pregnancies in Boston, MA and 175 in Shanghai, China. Pregnancy hormone concentrations will be determined and correlated with putative breast cancer risk factors.