2009 Infectious Diseases in Africa: Measurement of Immune Responses

描述(申请人提供)：三种主要传染病目前正在非洲大陆肆虐：艾滋病毒-1、结核病和疟疾。截至2006年底，约有4 000万人感染艾滋病毒，其中2500万人生活在撒哈拉以南非洲。如果我们考虑结核病的发病率，估计结核病发病率最高的15个国家中有12个在非洲。最后，急性疟疾感染约占死亡人数的100万。仅非洲就有90%的死亡病例。非洲人口中这种令人难以置信的疾病负担正在给社会的各个方面造成破坏，最明显的是在大多数非洲国家的经济中。尽管在受影响最严重的国家采取了许多措施来应对艾滋病毒、结核病和疟疾造成的疾病负担，但在培训当地科学家掌握一些有助于国内研究的方法方面仍然存在空白。在这笔赠款中，我们认为，初级科学家的培训应与实验室等现场有形基础设施的实施同时进行。重要的是，国内科学家有机会获得科学知识并接受培训，以寻找这些传染病的免疫保护相关因素。通过组织这个题为“非洲的传染病：免疫反应的测量”(南非约翰内斯堡国家传染病研究所，2008-2010年11月)的研讨会周期，我们的目标是：1.向非洲初级研究人员提供有关艾滋病毒、结核病和疟疾的发病机制及其对疫苗开发的影响的最新数据。2.让初级研究人员有机会与该领域的专家讨论他们自己的研究项目。3.促进合作，促进和加强现有的非洲科学家网络，今后可在这些网络中解决区域特有的问题。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Three major infectious diseases are currently devastating the African continent: HIV-1, tuberculosis, and malaria. Approximately forty million people were living with HIV infection at the end of 2006, and of these, twenty-five million were living in Sub-Saharan Africa. If we consider the incidence of TB, 12 of the 15 countries with the highest estimated TB incidence rate are in Africa. Lastly, acute Malaria infections are responsible for approximately 1 million of deaths. Africa alone suffers 90% of these deaths. This incredible burden of diseases amongst African populations is causing devastation in all facets of society, most notably in the economies of most African countries. Although there are many measures in place to tackle the disease burden from HIV, TB and Malaria within countries worst affected, there remains a void in terms of training local scientists in some of the methodologies that would facilitate in-country research. In this grant, we believe that training of junior scientists should be conducted along with the implementation of in situ physical infrastructures, such as laboratories. It is important that in-country scientists have access to scientific knowledge and training to seek correlates of immune protection for these infectious diseases. By organizing this cycle of symposia, entitled: "Infectious Diseases in Africa: Measurement of Immune Response" (National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa, November 2008-2010), our objectives are: 1. To provide junior African investigators with the most recent data on the pathogenesis of HIV, TB, and Malaria and its implication for vaccine development. 2. To allow junior investigators the opportunity to discuss their own research projects with experts in the field. 3. To foster collaborations and enable and further existing African networks of scientists, where region-specific problems can be addressed in the future.