Neurobiology of Auditory Language Perception

描述（由申请人提供）：语言的听觉理解是人类交流的基础，并且由于不完全理解的原因，经常在神经系统疾病中被破坏。该提案的总体目标是了解听觉语言理解的神经基础，从而为有效的干预打开大门。我们使用互补的病变/中风为基础的功能磁共振成像方法，以解决三个特定的目标。目标1：理解言语感知的神经基础。运动系统可能在言语感知中起重要作用的观点已经得到了广泛的认可。相反，我们认为言语知觉是在上级颞叶中双侧组织的，额叶/运动调制最小。根据这一目标提出的实验测试这些竞争的想法，使用理解和音节歧视的任务和信号检测方法。目的2：了解听觉外影响对言语感知/理解的作用。言语感知受语境信息的影响。在这里，我们研究的影响，两个线索，视觉语言和文字水平的信息。我们假设，颞叶电路是主要负责这两个来源的影响言语知觉。我们提出的研究将验证这一假设。目标3：理解重复水平处理的神经基础。言语感知和单词理解对于理解至关重要，但有效的沟通还依赖于更高阶的过程，例如句子理解。我们提出的研究旨在验证我们的假设，即前颞区是特别重要的整合词汇和句法信息，以获得句子的意义。从方法论上讲，这个程序是由一个承诺，认为需要多种方法来推导一个完整的神经过程的图片驱动。为了加快病变工作的步伐，这可能是非常缓慢的，我们已经开发了一个多位点失语症研究联盟（MARC），这将使我们能够以前所未有的速度收集数据。这将通过快速积累定量病变行为相关性分析所需的大样本来消除快速进展的关键障碍。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Auditory comprehension of language is fundamental to human communication and is often disrupted in neurological disorders for reasons that are incompletely understood. The overarching goal of the proposal is to understand the neural basis of auditory language comprehension and therefore open the door to effective interventions. We use complementary lesion/stroke-based and functional MRI methods to address three specific aims. Aim 1: Understand the neural basis of speech perception. The idea that the motor system may play a prominent role in speech perception has gained much popularity. We have argued instead that speech perception is bilaterally organized in the superior temporal lobes with minimal frontal/motor modulation. Experiments proposed under this aim test these competing ideas using both comprehension and syllable discrimination tasks and signal detection methods. Aim 2: Understand the role of extra-auditory influences on speech perception/comprehension. Speech perception is influenced by contextual information. Here we examine the influence of two cues, visual speech and word-level information. We hypothesize that temporal lobe circuits are primarily responsible for both of these sources of influence on speech perception. Our proposed studies will test this hypothesis. Aim 3: Understand the neural basis of sentence-level processing. Speech perception and word comprehension are critical for comprehension, but effective communication relies additionally on higher-order processes such as those involved in sentence comprehension. We propose studies aimed at testing our hypothesis that anterior temporal regions are particularly important for integrating lexical and syntactic information to derive sentence meaning. Methodologically, this program is driven by a commitment to the view that multiple methods are required for deriving a complete picture of a neural process. To speed the pace of lesion work, which can be laboriously slow, we have developed a Multisite Aphasia Research Consortium (MARC) that will enable us to collect data at an unprecedented pace. This will remove a critical barrier to rapid progress by quickly accruing the large samples needed for quantitative lesion-behavior correlation analyses.