The two dimensional spin

量子理论（QT）中最古老和最重要的未解决问题是：“波函数的意义是什么？”“这一点从早期就一直在争论，爱因斯坦站在一边，玻尔站在一边。这个问题的答案对于依赖QT的基本思想和技术的持续发展至关重要。受影响的新兴技术包括量子隐形传态、密码学和信息论。除了关注上述问题之外，还有更多的问题与我的研究有关，其长期目标是确保QT的统计解释并研究其潜在结构：自然是局部的还是非局部的？纠缠是自然的属性还是QT的属性？自然是统计的还是决定性的？心灵传输可能吗？量子比特是如何携带信息的？海森堡原理是什么意思爱因斯坦相信存在比QT更深刻的理论，因为上帝不玩骰子;玻尔相信自然从根本上说是统计的。爱因斯坦的观点得到了我去年发现的支持，即1/2自旋有两个而不是一个量子化轴：二维自旋。这个模型导致了一些令人惊讶的结果，包括证明纠缠贝尔态是可分离的。因此，纠缠是QT的一种性质，但不是在单个粒子的水平上。二维自旋也给出了一个本地的解释类的实验，通常被认为是证明非局部性。此外，二维自旋通过干涉产生另一个自旋态，这个自旋条纹的无理量子数为±1/root（2）而不是±1/2。单次二维自旋的自干涉表明了一种可以解决双缝实验的机制。所有三个自旋分量都同时被很好地定义，即使它们不对易。然而，由于简并，QT的统计性质的合理化出现。当磁场施加到2D自旋时，通常具有单轴量子化的自旋被恢复。所有这些直观的想法都是以牺牲量子力学的厄米公设为代价的，因为二维自旋态被发现是非厄米的。

The oldest and most important unsolved question in quantum theory (QT) is, "What is the meaning of the wave function?" This has been debated since the early days, with Einstein heading one side and Bohr the other. The answer is of vital importance to the continued development of both fundamental ideas and technologies that depend upon QT. Emerging technologies that are affected include quantum teleportation, cryptography and information theory. In addition to focusing on the above question, many more are relevant to my research, the long range goal of which is to secure the statistical interpretation of QT and study its underlying structure: Is nature local or not? Is entanglement a property of nature or of QT? Is nature statistical or deterministic? Is teleportation possible? How is information carried in qubits? What does the Heisenberg Principle mean? Einstein believed a deeper theory existed than QT because God does not play dice; Bohr believed that nature is fundamentally statistical. The side of Einstein is supported by my discovery within the last year that a spin ½ has two, not one, axes of quantization: the 2D spin. This model leads to some surprising results including proving that the entangled Bell states are separable. Therefore entanglement is a property of QT, but not at the level of single particles. The 2D spin also gives a local interpretation to the class of experiments that are usually thought to demonstrate non-locality. Moreover the 2D spin produces another spin state through interference, and this spin fringe has irrational quantum numbers of ±1/root(2) rather than ±1/2. The self-interference of a single 2D spin suggests a mechanism that would resolve the double-slit experiment. All three spin components are simultaneously well defined, even though they do not commute. However because of degeneracy, a rationalization of the statistical nature of QT emerges. The usual spin with a single axis of quantization is recovered when a magnetic field is applied to the 2D spin. All these intuitive ideas come at the expense of the hermitian postulate of quantum mechanics because the 2D spin states are found to be non-hermitian.