Decontamination of paralytic shellfish toxins in cultured shellfish using marine bacteria

贝类中毒事件是世界范围内的一个慢性问题，数百年来一直在文献中报道。麻痹性贝类毒素是最危险的海洋生物毒素，由于其高急性毒性和潜在的致命性，值得特别注意。这组结构相关的化合物（~24）由裸甲藻属、亚历山大藻属和甲藻属的某些海藻产生。在摄入这些藻类后，PST积聚在滤食性软体动物贝类的消化腺中。人类食用受污染的贝类会导致麻痹性贝类中毒（PSP），迄今为止，还没有已知的解毒剂或有效的医疗方法。拟议的项目是AquaNet（NCE）赠款（2003-2006年）的延续，旨在分离和鉴定具有代谢和破坏PST能力的独特海洋细菌。我们筛选了70多个有前途的菌株，并选择了4个具有最高的能力，在体外分解PST，将它们转化为无毒的副产品，通过高效液相色谱法和小鼠生物测定证实。在这项提案中，我们计划将PST降解细菌纳入可商业化的益生菌产品中，用于污染贻贝的解毒。这种商业化策略似乎是可行的，因为我们的益生菌产品将很容易与整个加拿大大西洋地区现有的基础设施相结合，这些基础设施根据加拿大食品检验局（CFIA）的规范（CFIA，http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/fispoi/manman/cssppccsm/chap 10-1e.shtml）用于人工海水罐中贝类的大肠菌群净化。

Shellfish poisoning incidents are a chronic problem world-wide and have been reported in the literature for hundreds of years. The most dangerous of the marine biotoxins, paralytic shellfish toxiris (PSTs), deserve particular attention because of their high acute toxicity and potential lethality. This group of structurally-related compounds (~24) is produced by certain marine algae of the genera Gymnodinuim, Alexandrium and Pyrodinium. Upon ingestion of these algae, PSTs accumulate in the digestive glands of filter-feeding molluscan shellfish. Human consumption of contaminated shellfish can lead to paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), and to date there are no known antidotes or effective medical treatments for this condition. The proposed project is a continuation of an AquaNet (NCE) grant (2003-2006) aimed at isolating and characterizing unique marine bacteria with the ability to metabolize and destroy PSTs. We screened more than 70 promising isolates and selected 4 with the highest ability to breakdown PSTs in vitro, converting them into non-toxic by-products as confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography and the mouse bioassay. Within this proposal, we plan to incorporate the PST-degrading bacteria into a commercializable probiotic product to be used in the detoxification of contaminated mussels. This commercialization strategy seems feasible because our probiotic product will easily interface with the already existing infrastructure throughout Atlantic Canada that is used for coliform depuration of shellfish in man-made seawater tanks according to Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) specifications (CFIA, http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/fispoi/manman/cssppccsm/chap 10-1e.shtml).