Mitigation of environmental impacts of cold water finfish aquaculture

鱼类养殖可以为面临野生鱼类捕获量不足的沿海社区提供粮食安全。然而，养殖海产品的经济和健康效益必须与其环境成本相平衡。虽然小规模农场或陆上作业对环境要好得多，但除非考虑到环境成本，否则它们可能不经济。另一方面，如果大型养殖场与采掘系统相结合，可以减少集约化养殖对环境的破坏。在综合集约化水产养殖中，有鳍鱼与其他生物一起养殖，这些生物将原本排放的水转化为有价值的产品。通过这种方式，在生产一种作物过程中产生的废物可以成为生产其他作物的资源。通过调水将单一养殖连接起来的陆基水产养殖系统可以最好地控制产量和环境影响。因此，我们将1)模拟1400 m2陆基冷水养殖设施的碳、氮、磷吞吐量，2)确定养殖浮游植物的无机氮、磷提取能力，3)确定养殖贻贝的颗粒碳、氮提取能力，4)确定陆基综合多营养养殖养殖的浮游植物和贻贝的生化品质。5)估计与纽芬兰水域的鱼笼有关的潜在贻贝产量。两名学生和一名技术人员将于2008年4月到位，准备开始这个项目的工作。学生们将完成所有的课程作业，所以我们将有一个非常快的启动。根据我们的研究结果，我们将能够推荐生态实践，不仅可以减轻沿海生态系统的负担，还可以提高水产养殖的社会可接受性，并增加经济回报。管理从水产养殖业到沿海水域的废物投入正变得越来越重要，因为水产养殖业在未来几十年可能会主导鱼类生产。

Fish farming can provide food security to coastal communities which are faced with poor catches of wild fish. However, the economic and health benefits of cultured seafood have to be balanced against their environmental costs. While small-scale farms or land-based operations are much better for the environment, they may not be economical unless environmental costs are taken into account. On the other hand, environmental damage from intensive culture of finfish species can be reduced if large farms are integrated with extractive systems. In integrated intensive aquaculture, finfish are cultured next to other organisms which convert water that would otherwise be discharged, into valuable products. In this way the wastes created during the production of one crop can become a resource for producing others. Land-based aquaculture systems in which monocultures are connected through water transfer afford the best control of yields and environmental impacts. Thus we will 1) model carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus throughputs in a 1,400 m2 land-based cold water aquaculture facility, 2) determine inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus extraction capabilities of cultured phytoplankton, 3) determine particulate carbon and nitrogen extraction capabilities of cultured mussels, 4) determine the biochemical quality of phytoplankton and mussels cultured through land-based integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, and 5) estimate potential mussel production in association with finfish cage sites in Newfoundland waters. Two students and a technician will be in place by April 2008 and ready to start work on this project. The students will have completed all of their course work, so we will have a very fast startup. From our results we will be able to recommend ecological practices that not only reduce the burden on coastal ecosystems, but improve the social acceptability of aquaculture as well as increase the economic returns. Managing waste input from the aquaculture industry to coastal waters is becoming increasingly important as aquaculture will probably dominate fish production in the coming decades.