Reflexive and controlled processes in attention

在任何给定的时刻，环境中可用的视觉信息都比我们能够有效处理的要多得多。从影响我们视网膜的视觉信息中，我们的大脑只选择了一个子集来达到有意识的意识。视网膜是我们眼睛后面的光敏感组织。其中一个主要的选择过程发生在注意系统中，它将突出环境中的某些信息，同时抑制其余的信息。我们将在今后五年中处理的主要问题与这一初步遴选过程有关：它背后的机制是什么？限制是什么，流程的灵活性有多大？通常情况下，硬性的选拔过程会被个人目标所覆盖吗？注意选择的规则可以被隐含地学习吗？这和有意识地意识到规则一样有效吗？注意过程如何与其他认知能力相互作用，如工作记忆(在信息从视线中移除后保持在线的能力)？两个学院的能力限制是否相同？当一个人被征税时，他们如何相互干扰？此外，我们将展示注意力和工作记忆过程是如何在大脑中执行的，以及它们在多大程度上共享相同的神经资源。这反过来将促进我们对脑损伤后观察到的一些认知障碍的理解。

At any given moment in time there is considerably more visual information available in the environment than we can efficiently deal with. From the visual information impinging on our retinae, the light sensitive tissue at the back of our eyes, our brain selects only a subset to reach conscious awareness. One of the major selection processes is happening in the attentional system which will highlight certain information in the environment while at the same time suppressing the rest. The main questions we will be addressing over the next five years are concerned with this initial selection process: What are the mechanisms behind it? What are the limitations and how flexible is the process? Can typically hard-wired selection processes be overwritten by an individual's goals? Can the rules for attentional selection be learned implicitly and is this as effective as conscious awareness of rules? How do attentional processes interact with other cognitive faculties such as working memory (the ability to maintain information online after it has been removed from view)? Do both faculties show the same capacity limits? How do they interfere with each other when one is taxed? Furthermore, we will show how attentional and working memory processes are implemented in the brain and to what extent they share the same neural resources. This in turn will advance our understanding of some cognitive disorders observed after brain damage.