Spin-based quantum information processing in the solid-state

随着经典信息处理通过计算和通信的进步塑造了当今的社会、技术和经济，利用量子信息将从根本上带来更强大的设备和更大的影响。 量子信息的力量在于量子力学的数学结构，其中出现了叠加，纠缠和量子并行的非经典概念。 量子算法（如Shor的因子分解算法）不仅比经典算法更强大，而且量子信息处理（QIP）是继续使计算机更小更快的关键。 由于当我们接近原子尺度时，经典世界就会崩溃，今天的计算机很快就会达到进一步小型化的根本障碍。 另一方面，使用量子力学作为信息处理的新范式可以绕过这一障碍。 采用量子信息理论的思想和概念并将其物理实现，对于将在21世纪占据主导地位的量子技术的发展至关重要。

As classical information processing has shaped today's society, technology and economy through advances in computing and communication, harnessing quantum information will lead to fundamentally more powerful devices and even greater impacts. The power of quantum information lies in the mathematical structure of quantum mechanics, in which the non-classical concepts of superposition, entanglement and quantum parallelism arise. Not only are quantum algorithms such as Shor's factoring algorithm more powerful than their classical counterparts, quantum information processing (QIP) is the key to continuing to make computers smaller and faster. Since the classical world breaks down when we approach the atomic scale, today's computers will soon reach a fundamental barrier to further miniaturization. On the other hand, using quantum mechanics as a new paradigm for information processing bypasses this roadblock. Taking the ideas and concepts of quantum information theory and implementing them physically is crucial to the development of quantum technologies that will dominate in the 21st century.