The dynamics of emotional discordance: Psychophysiology, observed affect, and self-reported experience

情绪理论认为，连贯的情绪反应的标志是生理、经验和行为领域的协调或相互放大。相比之下，情绪调节模型强调情绪过程在服务于目标时的适应性调节。例如，降低负面情绪的努力侧重于有选择地控制生理(例如，深呼吸)或经验(例如，重新评估情绪意义)或行为(例如，抑制表情)表现，以实现较不痛苦的情绪状态。因此，情绪理论所期望的一致性(得到的经验支持有限)被内质网的控制过程所破坏。

Emotion theories assert that the hallmark of a coherent emotional response is the concordance or mutual amplification across the physiological, experiential, and behavioural domains. In contrast, models of emotion regulation (ER) emphasize the adaptive modulation of emotion processes in service of goals. Efforts to down regulate negative emotions, for example, focus on selectively controlling physiological (e.g., deep breathing) or experiential (e.g., re-evaluating emotional significance) or behavioural (e.g., suppressing expressions) manifestations in order to realize a less distressed emotional state. Thus, the concordance expected by emotion theory (which has received limited empirical support) is disrupted by the control processes of ER.