Instrumentation for automated and rapid 'clumped isotope' analyses of small carbonate samples.

稳定同位素领域研究它们在不同储集层中的分布，以了解发生在地球大气层、水圈、生物圈和岩石圈之间的内部和界面上的过程。随着地质时间的推移，这些复杂的过程最终被记录在碳酸盐等矿物中。碳酸盐矿物的碳、氧稳定同位素分析是同位素地球化学中最常用和最有用的方法之一。50多年来，碳酸盐的氧同位素研究一直被用作温度的替代。最近已经证明，“稀有”和“普通”同位素之间的键能差异导致可用作温度计的稀有同位素“聚集”。购买基尔IV碳酸盐装置将提供从反应到结果报告的微小(约200微克)碳酸盐样品的全自动高通量(每年10,000个样品)分析。这种自动设置对申请者的研究计划至关重要。Banerjee将使用该设备来了解形成贱金属和贵金属矿藏的矿化过程、陨石中的水处理以及地球上一些最早的生命形式殖民期间的古环境条件。朗斯塔夫将使用这些设备来追踪五大湖的水资源历史和气候变化，追踪全新世大型动物的气候和饮食变化，并测量整个饮食和饮用水的变化，以检测人类社会的变化。金将使用腕足类生长阶段的自动微量分析设备来评估它们作为古气候指标的可靠性。Cheadle将使用该设备对碳质泥岩油气系统中的碳酸盐胶结物进行块状同位素地质测温。Tsujita将使用该设备研究化石珊瑚生长脊、钙质和斜晶质结核中的胶结物，以及用于水团古测温的文石菊石和双壳贝壳。该设备将允许通过增加能力来增加HQP培训，提供例行分析小样本的关键能力，并使包括加拿大工业界在内的新的和现有的合作者能够获得先进的工具(例如，集束同位素分析)。

The field of stable isotopes studies their distribution in different reservoirs to understand the processes occurring within and at the interface between Earth's atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and lithosphere. These complex processes are ultimately recorded over geologic time in minerals such as carbonates. Carbon and oxygen stable isotope analysis of carbonate minerals is among the most common and useful measurements in isotope geochemistry. Oxygen isotope studies of carbonates have been used as a proxy for temperature for more than 50 years. It has been recently demonstrated that differences in bonding energies between 'rare' and 'common' isotopes results in 'clumping' of the rare isotopes that can be used as a thermometer. Acquisition of a KIEL IV Carbonate Device will provide fully automated high throughput (10,000 samples per year) analysis of tiny (~200 µg) carbonate samples from reaction to result reporting. This automated setup is critical to the research programs of the applicants. Banerjee will use the equipment to understand mineralizing processes that form base and precious metal ore deposits, aqueous processing in meteorites, and paleoenvironmental conditions during colonization of some of Earth's earliest life forms. Longstaffe will use the equipment to trace Great Lakes water history and climate change, track climatic and dietary shifting in Holocene megafauna, and measure changes in whole diet and drinking water to detect human societal changes. Jin will use the equipment for automated microanalysis of brachiopod growth stages to evaluate their reliability as a paleoclimactic indicator. Cheadle will use the equipment to perform 'clumped isotope' geothermometry of carbonate cements in carbonaceous mudstone petroleum systems. Tsujita will use the equipment to study fossil coral growth ridges, cements in calcareous and sideritic concretions, and aragonitic ammonite and bivalve shells for paleothermometry of water masses. The equipment will allow increased HQP training by increasing capacity, provide critical capacity to routinely analyze small samples, and provide access to advanced tools (e.g., clumped isotope analysis) by new and existing collaborators, including Canadian industry.