Wide-Band Amplifier for Hardware-based Control/Protection Interface to a Real-Time Simulator Platform

电网正在经历重大变革，这是由于（i）分布式发电、存储和可控负荷的利用水平不断提高，（ii）可再生能源（例如风力发电）的高度渗透，（iii）用于监测、诊断、控制和保护的信息和通信技术（ICT）的经济/技术可行性，（iv）自动计量基础设施和智能传感器的广泛使用，（v）对市场信号做出响应的需求日益增加，（vi）对供应的弹性和高可靠性/可用性的需求，以及（vii）不断变化的监管和政策要求。先进的控制、保护和能源管理策略，例如分布式和分级控制、自适应保护和认知电力管理策略，基于ICT的普遍使用，构成了解决电力系统现有和新出现的挑战的核心。

The electric power grid is experiencing major transformation due to (i) ever increasing level of utilization of distributed generation, storage and controllable loads, (ii) high-depth of penetration of renewables, e.g. wind power, (iii) economical/technical viability of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for monitoring, diagnostics, control, and protection, (iv) widespread utilization of automated metering infrastructure and smart sensors, (v) the increasing need to respond to market signals, (vi) the demand for resiliency and high reliability/availability of supply, and (vii) the evolving regulatory and policy requirements. Advanced control, protection, and energy management strategies, for example distributed and hierarchal control, adaptive protection, and cognitive power management strategies, based on pervasive use of ICTs, constitute the kernel to address the existing and the emerging challenges of the power system.