Spatial attention and cognition in the extended visual field

我们经常没有注意到发生在中央视觉之外的物体或事件，即使它们可能非常明显。为了避免相撞，司机必须注意到汽车从右侧驶来。为了防止摔倒，我们必须避开留在地板上的玩具。事实上，许多重要的活动依赖于我们注意到周边视觉的意外变化的能力。没有注意到这些变化有时会产生严重的后果。虽然心理学在理解视觉注意的机制方面取得了长足的进步，但大多数研究都集中在占总视野不到10%的一个小的中央区域。此外，大多数研究涉及静态环境；但在应用环境(如驾驶)中，注意力通常被部署在动态环境中。目前尚不清楚传统研究的结果是否可以安全地推广到高光流率下的扩展视野。

We often fail to notice objects or events that occur outside central vision, even when they may be highly visible. To avoid a collision, a driver must notice the car coming from the right. To prevent a fall, we must sidestep the toy left on the floor. Indeed, many important activities rely on our ability to notice unexpected changes in peripheral vision. Failing to notice these changes can sometimes have serious consequences. While psychological science has made great strides in understanding the mechanisms of visual attention, most research has concentrated on a small central region that is less than 10% of the total visual field. Furthermore, most studies have involved static environments; but in applied situations (e.g. driving) attention is often deployed in a dynamic environment. It is unclear whether the results of traditional research may be safely generalized to an extended visual field under high rates of optical flow.