Physical and numerical modeling of tsunami-induced hydrodynamic forces on structures

海啸是一种灾难性的事件，可能对包括加拿大在内的世界各地人口稠密的沿海地区的社区产生不利影响。海啸引发的沿海洪灾往往会造成大量人员伤亡和巨大的经济损失。这种极端的波可以传播到距离其产生源数千公里的地方。由于全球80%的海啸都发生在太平洋，加拿大西海岸尤其受到海啸巨浪的袭击威胁。 了解海啸对沿海基础设施的影响机制，正确理解海啸引发的极端水动力的性质，并将其量化，是至关重要的，因为这类灾害具有巨大的经济和社会后果。Nistor等人（2009年）对海啸对结构物作用力的最新研究进行了广泛的文献综述，结果表明，迄今为止，缺乏专门针对海啸对近海岸线结构物的荷载的设计文件或建筑规范。 因此，本提案侧重于通过以下方式详细调查和准确量化海啸引发的极端水动力及其对结构物的影响：（1）一项综合性实验研究计划，重点研究海啸引起的水力钻孔对结构元件的影响;（2）开发一种新的数学和数值模型，能够准确模拟这些水动力的大小和瞬态性质，以及结构上的诱导载荷。两名硕士生和三名博士生将从事这项研究课题 这一研究项目在加拿大是独一无二的，也是世界上为数不多的研究项目之一，其结果将最终导致制定新的、可靠的设计准则和工具，供工程师和沿海地区管理人员和规划人员使用，以适当设计位于海啸易发地区的沿海基础设施。

Tsunami waves are catastrophic events which can adversely impact communities located in often heavily populated coastal areas around the world, including Canada. Tsunami-induced coastal flooding often leads to numerous casualties and tremendous economic losses. Such extreme waves can propagate thousands of kilometres away from their generating source. Since 80% of tsunamis in the world have occurred in the Pacific Ocean, the western coast of Canada is particularly under threat of tsunami waves attack. Understanding the impact mechanisms and properly understanding the nature of tsunami-induced extreme hydrodynamic forces on coastal infrastructure and quantifying them is essential because of the enormous economical and social consequences that are characteristic of such disasters. An extensive literature review of the state-of-the-art research on tsunami forces on structures presented by Nistor et al. (2009) indicated that, to date, design documents or building codes that specifically address tsunami loading on near-shoreline structures are lacking. Therefore, this proposal is focused on the detailed investigation and accurate quantification of tsunami-induced extreme hydrodynamic forces and their impacts on structures by means of: (1) a comprehensive experimental research program focusing on the impact of tsunami-induced hydraulic bores on structural elements and (2) the development of a new mathematical and numerical model capable of accurately simulating the magnitude and transient nature of these hydrodynamic forces, as well as the induced loading on structures. Two MASc students and three Phd studens will work on this research topic The results of this research project, unique in Canada and one of the few in the world, will ultimately lead to the development of new, reliable design guidelines and tools that will be used by engineers and coastal zone managers and planners to properly design coastal infrastructure located in tsunami-prone areas.