Oilseed processing for food proteins, biofuels and nutraceuticals

从芸苔籽中提取食物蛋白质和可再生燃料 生物燃料生产的增加导致粮食价格急剧上涨，并导致作为发展中国家穷人饮食基础的斯台普斯短缺。平衡粮食或燃料作物的使用有一个伦理和经济层面。加拿大能够同时增加粮食和可再生燃料的生产。 芸苔种子通常含有不适合人类食用的油和蛋白质。虽然芸苔种子具有优良质量的蛋白质，但商业分离物生产受到蛋白质回收率低的阻碍。基于我们对这些种子的化学性质的详细理解，我们已经开发了一种用于从芸苔种子生产高质量蛋白质分离物的膜方法（例如美国专利8，048，463，2011）。 基于直接使用异丙醇（IPA）和在水体系中使用异丙醇作为油溶剂，提出了从常规和非常规油源（特别是黄芥末和东方芥末、埃塞俄比亚芥、亚麻荠和藻类）回收食品级蛋白质产品和燃料级生物柴油的集成方法的开发。该过程将使用我们的膜过程的适应性来回收蛋白质作为可食用产品。在使用IPA作为溶剂和一种试剂醇的单相酯交换过程中，油将在不与萃取溶剂分离的情况下转化为生物柴油。IPA的毒性低于己烷，从工艺和产品安全以及环境质量方面考虑，它的使用优于己烷。 将通过物理和膜技术研究IPA的回收。将根据我在催化氢化和电解氢化方面的早期经验来检查脂肪酸的脱羧作用，这将允许简化生物基石油燃料替代品的加工和回收。这些燃料比普通生物柴油更受欢迎，因为它们不需要在柴油发动机中进行处理，混合和使用。 作为该计划的一部分，我建议继续开发膜技术，从蛋白质提取过程产生的废水中回收有价值的营养品微量成分。 所提出的系统不仅在分馏种子组分方面超越了生物精炼方案，而且还进行酯交换反应和生物燃料生产作为该过程的组成部分。如果成功，这一进程将鼓励在不太适合种植油菜的地区生产埃塞俄比亚芥和芥菜，从而提高大草原干旱地区的农业产量，在不减少该地区粮食产量的情况下生产生物燃料。以目前的燃料和食品价格，该工艺可以为加拿大芥末21的5亿美元/年芥末产业目标做出重大贡献，并有助于实现加拿大使用的商业柴油燃料的强制性生物柴油/可再生燃料含量。

Food protein and renewable fuel from brassica seeds Increased biofuel production led to a sharp rise in food prices, and a shortage of food staples that form the basis of the diet of the poor in developing countries. There is an ethical and economic dimension to balancing the use of crops for food or fuel. Canada is in a position to simultaneously increase the production of food and renewable fuels. Brassica seeds typically contain oil and proteins in forms unsuitable for human consumption. While brassica seeds have protein of excellent quality, commercial isolate production is hampered by low protein recovery. Based on our detailed understanding of the chemistry of these seeds we have developed a membrane process for the production of high-quality protein isolates from brassica seeds (e.g. U.S.Patent 8,048,463, 2011). The development of an integrated process for the recovery of food grade protein products and fuel grade biodiesel from conventional and unconventional oil sources, specifically yellow and oriental mustard, brassica carinata, camolina and algae is proposed, based on the use of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) directly and in aqueous systems as oil solvent. The process will recover the proteins as edible products using an adaptation of our membrane process. The oil will be converted, without separation from the extraction solvent, into biodiesel in a single-phase transesterification process using IPA both as solvent, and one of the reagent alcohols. IPA is less toxic than hexane, and its use would be preferred over hexane in terms of process and product safety and environmental quality. The recovery of IPA will be investigated by physical and membrane techniques. Decarboxylation of the fatty acids will be examined based on both my earlier experience in catalytic hydrogenation, and electrolytic hydrogenation, that will permit the simplified processing and recovery of bio-based petroleum fuel replacements. These fuels are preferred over normal biodiesel, as they require no change in handling, blending and use in diesel engines. As part of the program I propose to continue the development of membrane techniques for recovering valuable nutraceutical minor components from the waste water produced by the protein extraction process. The proposed system goes beyond biorefinery schemes in not only fractionating the seed components, but also performing the transesterification reaction and biofuel production as an integral part of the process. If successful, the process will encourage the production of brassica carinata and mustard in areas that are not well suited to the growing of canola, and thus improve the agricultural yield of the dry areas of the Prairies, producing biofuels without reducing the food production of the area. With current fuel and food prices the process can make a significant contribution to the Mustard 21 goal of a $ 500 million/a mustard industry in Canada and help fulfill the mandated biodiesel/renewable fuel content of commercial diesel fuel used in Canada.