Regulation of the Emotion System: Concordance, Dynamics, and Time Scales

情绪调节(ER)是指影响情绪过程质量变化的机制。ER的个体差异是人内和人与人之间心理社会功能的核心。因此，了解内质网、内质网的个体差异、内质网如何发展以及内质网在日常生活中的作用是至关重要的。我的研究计划的长期目标是通过理论和方法对从儿童到成年的ER过程有更深入的了解。未来5年的短期目标是更好地理解ER作为个体内部和个体之间的过程，使用3种方法，这3种方法对该领域最有希望：(1)情绪系统一致性--生理唤醒、认知评估和情绪行为表达之间的相互放大。(2)情绪动态-情绪状态的起伏或之间的转换(即情绪灵活性)。(3)时间尺度--情绪时时刻刻、日复一日、年复一年地发生。这项研究以5个主要研究问题为指导：什么是ER？作为ER的一个功能，动态的生理、认知和行为过程是如何相互作用和改变的？个人内部和个人之间的ER流程是如何相互关联的？不同时间尺度(例如，时刻到时刻、每天到年)的ER流程彼此之间是如何关联的？所有这些过程与人一生中心理社会功能的个体差异有什么关系？ 建议进行三项研究。协调性研究将测试两个假设，即为什么在120名本科生样本中很难实证证明协调性。情绪动力学研究将考察在积极和消极讨论中的人际情绪灵活性，并比较60名青少年(14-16岁)和本科生最好的朋友二人组的这种灵活性。这项时间尺度研究是一项每年(2-5年)通过智能手机记录的实时情绪动态(灵活性)和自我报告情绪和ER的检查，每年持续两周，在三个年龄组中进行，每个年龄组60人：青少年(12-14岁)、本科生和成年人(35-50岁)。作为高质量HQP培训的一部分，建议的结果是测试和进一步完善理论模型，在高影响力的出版物中解决5个研究问题，并开发和传播研究情绪过程的创新方法。这项研究计划将提供对所有加拿大人都有影响的ER的重要理解。

Emotion regulation (ER) refers to the mechanisms that effect change in the qualities of emotional processes. Individual differences in ER are central to intra- and inter-personal psychosocial functioning. Thus, understanding ER, individual differences in ER, how ER develops, and how ER functions in day-to-day life is crucial. The long-term objective of my research program is to provide deeper understanding of ER processes from childhood through adulthood through both theory and methods. The short-term objectives for the next 5 years are to better understand ER as both an intra- and inter-individual process using 3 approaches that hold the most promise for the field: (1) Emotion system concordance - the mutual amplification among physiological arousal, cognitive appraisals, and behavioural expressions of emotion. (2) Emotion dynamics - the rise and fall of or switching among emotional states (i.e., emotional flexibility). (3) Time scales - emotional dynamics occurring moment-to-moment, day-to-day, and year-to-year. This research is guided by 5 primary research questions: What is ER? How do dynamic physiological, cognitive, and behavioural processes interact and change as a function of ER? How do intra- and inter-personal ER processes relate to one another? How do ER processes at different time scales (e.g., moment-to-moment, day-to-day, year-to-year) relate to one another? How do all of these processes relate to individual differences in psychosocial functioning across the lifespan? Three studies are proposed. The Concordance Study will test two hypotheses about why concordance has been difficult to demonstrate empirically in a sample of 120 undergraduates. The Emotion Dynamics Study will examine interpersonal emotional flexibility, within and across positive and negative discussions, and compare this flexibility between 60 adolescent (ages 14-16) and undergraduate best friend dyads. The Time Scale study is an annual (years 2-5) examination of real-time emotional dynamics (flexibility) and self-reported emotion and ER recorded via smartphone several times a day for two weeks a year in three age groups of 60 participants each: adolescents (aged 12-14), undergraduates, and adults (aged 35-50). As part of high-quality HQP training, the proposed outcomes are to test and further refine theoretical models, address 5 research questions in high-impact publications, and develop and disseminate innovative methods for studying emotional processes. This research program will provide important understanding of ER that impacts all Canadians.