Advanced human neck models with active musculature for enhanced vehicle safety

意外伤害是全世界住院和死亡的主要原因。世界卫生组织估计，全球每年有120万人死于道路交通事故，多达5000万人受伤。车祸导致的伤害被认为是可以预防的，加拿大交通部已经承诺减少道路交通死亡的数量。美国国家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)已经确定，能够预测伤害的计算机模型和人体模型(HBM)的重要性是提高安全性的关键生物力学优先事项。先进的有限元建模已经成功地应用于复杂的HBM环境中，具有更快的速度和更低的计算成本，使得在过去十年中取得了显著的进步。然而，目前的知识差距包括损伤预测能力、主动肌肉系统的结合以及性别/大小对损伤结果的影响。拟议的项目与全球汽车行业致力于人体模型开发和验证的努力相结合，并将加拿大的主要车辆制造商聚集在一起，以增强现有的用于损伤预测的男性颈部模型，该模型纳入了活跃的肌肉系统，并开发了一种新的女性颈部模型，能够在复杂负荷情况下在组织水平上预测损伤。这种尖端的建模对于评估碰撞安全、缩短车辆设计周期以及采用先进的轻质材料以满足加拿大2025年减排目标的要求至关重要。由此产生的新知识将为全球研究界提供预测伤害的有效方法，旨在减少碰撞导致的伤害，使所有加拿大人受益，并支持加拿大交通部减少道路交通死亡的目标。

Accidental injury is a leading cause of hospitalization and fatality throughout the world. The World Health Organization estimates 1.2 million fatalities and up to 50 million injuries per year, globally, resulting from road traffic accidents. Crash Induced Injuries are recognized as preventable and Transport Canada has committed to reducing the number of road traffic fatalities.The US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has identified the importance of computer models and Human Body Models (HBM) capable of predicting injury as a vital biomechanics priority to improve safety. Advanced finite element modeling has been used successfully in the complex HBM environment with higher-speed and lower-cost computing enabling significant advances over the last decade. However, gaps in current knowledge include injury prediction capabilities, incorporation of active musculature, and gender/size effects on injury outcome. The proposed project integrates with a global automotive industry effort dedicated to the development and validation of human body models, and brings together major vehicle manufacturers in Canada to enhance an existing male neck model for injury prediction that incorporates active musculature and the development of a novel female neck model capable of predicting injury at the tissue level for complex loading scenarios. This cutting-edge modeling is essential for assessment of crash safety, reducing vehicle design cycle times and adopting advanced lightweight materials to meet Canada's 2025 reduced emissions goal requires. The resulting new knowledge will provide the global research community with validated methods for predicting injury, aiming to reduce crash induced injuries to benefit all Canadians and support Transport Canada's goal to reduce road traffic fatalities.