Fluctuations, structures and transport in magnetized plasmas

等离子体物理学是一门研究电离气体行为的基础科学学科，如太阳、地球电离层、行星际和星际空间中的电离气体。等离子体应用在微电子、材料表面改性、废物处理、光源和许多其他领域中是普遍的。等离子体用于深空任务和长期轨道保持的电推进装置。热等离子体是在实验室中产生的，以模拟太阳条件，并实现受控的热核聚变，以获得无限的清洁能源。在自然界和实验室中，等离子体经常沉浸在电场和磁场中，使其不稳定和湍流，具有高度不规则和不可预测的行为。尽管在空气动力学和天气预报等方面取得了进展，但湍流及其相关的反常（湍流）输运仍然是经典物理学尚未解决的问题和巨大挑战。了解等离子体湍流对于一些基本问题是很重要的，例如地球和太阳磁场的起源和动力学，太阳风，极光，太阳上的猛烈爆发，以及电离层和空间中的许多其他现象。另一方面，许多等离子体应用的进展，如受控热核聚变和电推进，一直受到等离子体湍流造成的困难。我在理论等离子体物理研究的长期目标是解释和预测的湍流行为和磁约束等离子体的运输，包括技术和聚变应用。具体而言，这一建议涉及两大主题：

Physics of plasma is a basic science discipline studying the behavior of ionized gases such as those present in the Sun, the Earth’s ionosphere, interplanetary and interstellar space. Plasma applications are pervasive in microelectronics, material surface modification, waste treatment, light sources, and many other areas. Plasmas are used in electric propulsion devices for deep space missions and long term orbit keeping. Hot plasmas are created in laboratories to imitate Sun conditions and achieve controlled thermonuclear fusion to access a limitless source of clean energy. In nature and laboratories, plasmas are often immersed in electric and magnetic fields, making them unstable and turbulent with highly irregular and unpredictable behavior. Despite the progress, such as in aerodynamics and weather forecasting, turbulence and the related anomalous (turbulent) transport is an unsolved problem and a great challenge for classical physics. Understanding of plasma turbulence is important for fundamental questions, such as the origin and dynamics of magnetic field of the Earth and Sun, solar wind, auroras, violent eruptions on the Sun, and many other phenomena in ionosphere and space. On the other side, progress in many plasma applications, such as controlled thermonuclear fusion and electric propulsion, has been hindered by difficulties caused by plasma turbulence. The long term objective of my research in theoretical plasma physics is to explain and predict the turbulent behavior and transport of magnetically confined plasmas including those for technological and fusion applications. Specifically, this proposal involves two major themes: