Physical and numerical modeling of tsunami-induced hydrodynamic forces on structures

海啸波是灾难性的事件，可以对包括加拿大在内的世界各地人口稠密的沿海地区的社区产生不利影响。海啸引发的沿海洪水往往造成大量人员伤亡和巨大的经济损失。这种极端的波可以从其产生源传播数千公里。由于世界上80%的海啸发生在太平洋，加拿大西海岸尤其受到海啸波袭击的威胁。了解海啸对沿海基础设施的影响机制和正确理解海啸引起的极端水动力的性质并对其进行量化是至关重要的，因为这种灾害的特点是造成巨大的经济和社会后果。对Nistor等人（2009）提出的关于海啸力对结构的影响的最新研究进行了广泛的文献回顾，结果表明，迄今为止，缺乏专门针对近海岸线结构海啸载荷的设计文件或建筑规范。因此，本文将重点通过以下方法对海啸引起的极端水动力及其对结构的影响进行详细调查和准确量化：(1)建立一个综合的实验研究项目，重点研究海啸引起的水力钻孔对结构元件的影响；(2)建立一个新的数学和数值模型，能够准确地模拟这些水动力的大小和瞬态性质，以及对结构的诱导载荷。两名MASc学生和三名博士生将在这个研究课题上工作，这个研究项目的结果在加拿大是独一无二的，在世界上也是为数不多的，最终将导致新的、可靠的设计指南和工具的发展，这些设计指南和工具将被工程师和沿海地区的管理者和规划者用来正确地设计位于海啸易发地区的沿海基础设施。

Tsunami waves are catastrophic events which can adversely impact communities located in often heavily populated coastal areas around the world, including Canada. Tsunami-induced coastal flooding often leads to numerous casualties and tremendous economic losses. Such extreme waves can propagate thousands of kilometres away from their generating source. Since 80% of tsunamis in the world have occurred in the Pacific Ocean, the western coast of Canada is particularly under threat of tsunami waves attack. Understanding the impact mechanisms and properly understanding the nature of tsunami-induced extreme hydrodynamic forces on coastal infrastructure and quantifying them is essential because of the enormous economical and social consequences that are characteristic of such disasters. An extensive literature review of the state-of-the-art research on tsunami forces on structures presented by Nistor et al. (2009) indicated that, to date, design documents or building codes that specifically address tsunami loading on near-shoreline structures are lacking. Therefore, this proposal is focused on the detailed investigation and accurate quantification of tsunami-induced extreme hydrodynamic forces and their impacts on structures by means of: (1) a comprehensive experimental research program focusing on the impact of tsunami-induced hydraulic bores on structural elements and (2) the development of a new mathematical and numerical model capable of accurately simulating the magnitude and transient nature of these hydrodynamic forces, as well as the induced loading on structures. Two MASc students and three Phd studens will work on this research topic The results of this research project, unique in Canada and one of the few in the world, will ultimately lead to the development of new, reliable design guidelines and tools that will be used by engineers and coastal zone managers and planners to properly design coastal infrastructure located in tsunami-prone areas.