Improving energy efficiency of communications systems using smart grids and heterogeneous powering

电信市场的扩张不仅导致频谱短缺，还导致能源消耗大幅增加。因此，电信市场成为最大的电力消费者和碳排放者之一。能效电信中心(CEET)和贝尔实验室的研究人员**[1]解释说，信息通信和技术行业每年产生超过8.3亿吨二氧化碳(CO2)，被认为是主要的温室气体(GHG)。预测**表明，到2020年，这一份额预计将翻一番。这一增长只相当于**490万辆新车上路的碳排放量。这一增长导致全球认识到**提高能源效率的重要性和电信网络依赖可再生能源的必要性**以限制温室气体排放。尽管在电信能源管理和可再生能源的使用方面进行了大量的研究工作，但现有的研究工作**缺乏对通信网络的具体特点的利用，以及这些系统中不同自由度所带来的机会**。因此，需要制定创新的资源管理**方案，而不是专注于消耗的能源数量；这种能源的经济和**环境影响应该是人们关注的主要标准。**在这项工作中，我们旨在展示如何将能源公用事业功能整合到资源管理**通信系统的问题上，从而在能源消耗**成本和温室气体排放方面实现显著改善。因此，我们建议为大型**系统开发高效的资源分配方案，在满足需求的同时寻求优化环境和经济能源使用以及频谱效率**。这些结果可用于为架构提供动力的通信系统的先验建模和优化**，并研究其经济和环境影响。

The expansion in the telecommunication market has not led to only a shortage in spectrum but also to a huge**increase in energy consumption. As a result, the telecom market became one of the most power consumers and**carbon emitters. Researchers from the Centre for Energy-Efficient Telecommunications (CEET) and Bell Labs**[1] explain that the information communications and technology industry produces more than 830 million tons**of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is considered as the main Green House Gas (GHG), annually. Projections**suggest that this share is expected to double by 2020. That growth only represents the same carbon output as**4.9 million new cars on the road. This increase has led to a global awareness about the importance of**improving energy efficiency and necessity of relying on renewable energy sources for telecommunication**networks in order to limit GHG emissions. Although a massive research work has been done in the area of**energy management and usage of renewable sources in telecommunications, the existing research works suffer**from a lack of exploitation of the specific characteristics of the communication networks and the opportunities**resulting from the different degrees of freedom in these systems. Thus, innovative resource management**schemes need to be derived, where instead of focusing on the quantity of consumed energy; the economic and**environmental effects of this energy should be the main criteria of concern.**In this work, we aim to demonstrate how the integration of the energy utility functions in resource management**problems for communication systems could achieve significant improvements in terms of energy consumption**costs as well as GHG emissions. Thus, we propose to develop efficient resource allocation schemes for large**scale systems that seek optimizing environmental and economic energy usage as well as spectrum efficiency**while meeting the demand requirements. These results could be used for a-priori modelling and optimization**of communication systems powering architecture and to study their economic and environmental effects.