Understanding the Chemistry of High-Temperature Li-CFx Primary Battery**

不可充电锂电池因其高能量密度（长运行时间）而成为油气钻井作业中工具的首选电源。除了工具和仪器外，电池还需要承受钻井过程中常见的冲击、振动和极端热环境。在过去的30年里，锂金属-亚硫酰氯（Li-SOCl2）一直是石油和天然气行业的电池化学选择。在过去的几年里，全球范围内发生了一些与当前油气工具电池技术故障有关的严重伤害和死亡事故。因此，像卡尔加里的Engineered Power这样的非充电电池制造商正在努力开发更安全、长期温度稳定的电池。Li-SOCl2化学的替代品是锂金属-聚碳单氟化（Li-CFx）。Li-CFx的容量是Li-SOCl2的两倍，并且非常稳定，具有优异的保质期（10年）和最小的自放电（<10%）。Engineered Power最近推出了锂cfx电池，但电池电压不稳定的问题目前限制了这些电池在低于（<110°C）的温度下使用。为了被市场广泛接受，温度限制需要提高到至少150摄氏度。卡尔加里大学的Thangadurai电池研究小组和Engineered Power的合作旨在通过广泛的物理和电化学特性来了解高温下Li-CFx电池电压不稳定的原因。了解导致电压不稳定的原因将使该公司能够识别和测试稳定的锂cfx电池的材料或工艺。Engineered Power公司最终开发并推向市场的高温版Li-CFx电池将使加拿大以及国际石油和天然气仪表行业受益，因为它可以获得安全、高性能的电池

Non-rechargeable lithium batteries are the power source of choice for tools used in oil and gas drilling operations due to their high energy density (long run time). Along with the tools and instrumentation, the batteries need to withstand both the shock and vibration and extreme thermal environments typically found during drilling. Lithium metal - thionyl chloride (Li-SOCl2) has been the battery chemistry of choice for the oil and gas industry for the past 30 years. Over the last several years there have been some severe injuries and fatalities worldwide associated with failures in the current battery technology in oil and gas tools. Thus, non-rechargeable battery manufacturers such as the Calgary-based Engineered Power are pushing for the development of safer and long-term temperature stable batteries. An alternative to the Li-SOCl2 chemistry is the lithium metal - poly-carbon monofluoride (Li-CFx). Li-CFx can offer up to two times the capacity of Li-SOCl2, and is exceptionally stable, offering excellent shelf life (>10 years) and minimal (<10%) self-discharge. Engineered Power has recently introduced Li-CFx batteries, but cell voltage instability issues currently limit these batteries to use at temperatures below (<110 °C). For wide acceptance into the market, the temperature limit needs to be raised to at least 150 C. The collaboration between the Thangadurai battery research group at the University of Calgary and Engineered Power aims to understand the cause(s) of voltage instability in Li-CFx batteries at elevated temperatures through extensive physical and electrochemical characterization. The knowledge of what causes the voltage instability would allow the company to identify and test materials or processes for stable Li-CFx batteries. The eventual development and introduction to market by Engineered Power of a higher temperature version of Li-CFx batteries benefit the Canadian as well as international oil and gas instrumentation business by having access to safe, high-performance batteries.**