Incorporating human factors in planning and scheduling for small business enterprises

传统的制造计划和调度不考虑人为因素或人为因素仅被认为是对计划或调度的干扰。对于小型制造企业（SMEs）来说，在资源（人力、物力和知识）方面的内部冗余很少，因此，传统的中小型企业计划或调度方法失败了，特别是在经济和社会全球化的背景下。在这个项目中，我们将以**的总体思路——即在计划和调度中纳入人为因素——来研究一种制定稳健计划和时间表的方法。**该项目将以农业机械领域的一家小型制造企业为例，**开发这种方法，然后将其推广到所有小型制造企业。本研究有两个具体目标。第一个具体目标是确定中小企业中所有人为因素及其关系。第二个具体目标是制定一种方法，将已确定的人为因素纳入中小企业的计划和时间表。该项目将与萨斯喀彻温省的支助组织密切合作进行。本研究的预期结果包括：(a)制造运营管理的人为因素理论和(b)考虑人为因素的计划和调度方法。本课题的主要技术优点是通过考虑人为因素的计划和调度理论和方法对计划和调度领域的贡献，从而提高计划和调度的鲁棒性。目前的文献几乎没有解决这个问题，但目前的制造实践经常显示出人类和社会因素对计划和调度的重大影响，特别是在中小企业中。从广义上讲，本研究将有助于中小企业应对经济和社会全球化带来的计划和调度挑战。加拿大80%以上的制造业企业都是中小企业，这个项目对加拿大来说是非常有利的。

Conventional planning and scheduling in manufacturing does not consider human factors or human factors are**only considered as a disturbance to a plan or schedule. To small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs), internal**redundancies in terms of resources (human, material, and knowledge) are little, and as such, the conventional**approach to planning or scheduling for SMEs fails, especially in the context of the globalization of economy**and society. In this project, a methodology for developing a robust pan and schedule will be investigated with**the general idea - i.e. incorporating human factors in planning and scheduling.**The project will take a small manufacturing enterprise in the agricultural machinery sector as an example and**to develop this methodology and then to generalize it to all the small manufacturing enterprises. There are two**specific objectives in this research. The first specific objective is to identify all human factors along with their**relationships in SMEs. The second specific objective is to develop a methodology for incorporating the identified human factors into a plan and schedule for SMEs. This project will be carried out in a close collaboration with the supporting organization in Saskatchewan. The anticipated outcome from this research includes (a) the theory of human factors to manufacturing operations management and (b) the methodology for planning and scheduling with consideration of human**factors. The main technical merit of this project is the contribution to the field of planning and scheduling by the theory and methodology for planning and scheduling with consideration of human factors and thus to improve the robustness of a plan and schedule. The current literature has little to address this issue, but the current manufacturing practice has frequently shown the significant impact of human and social factors to planning and scheduling especially in SMEs. Broadly, this research will help SMEs in coping with the challenge in planning and scheduling arising due to the globalization both in economy and society. Since over 80% of manufacturing enterprises in Canada are SMEs, this project will be extremely beneficial to Canada.