Design, measurement and modelling in spatio-temporal analysis

世界人口迅速增长，最新预测在目前条件下，到2100年将继续增长到150亿，这导致人们越来越担心环境风险水平的提高。 预计将出现更多的事件，例如高温事件和化石燃料（例如煤炭）消耗量的增加。这一黑暗的未来预示着更加需要有效地监测空间和时间上的环境过程沿着在空间和未来无法监测的情况下预测这些过程的准确方法，以支持通过有效的政策和监管来管理和减轻这些风险。 统计学家在这个未来中发挥着重要作用，特别是在量化大量的不确定性方面。拟议的研究将继续申请人关于时空过程监测网络最佳设计的长期研究方案，并利用所得数据为空间预测和未来价值建立这些过程的模型。特别是，由于现有的网络站往往位于优先选择的地理位置，我们将继续寻求方法，以减少以这种方式定位站引起的统计估计误差。 该研究还将探索一种有前途的客观方法来确定它们的位置，确保它们在空间上分布良好。** 研究的其余部分涉及使用来自这些网络的数据，可能会对优先选址的影响进行调整，以创建良好的时空模型。我们将继续目前的研究，并寻求模型的温度场，扩大其适用的地理范围目前的工作集中在北美的太平洋西北地区，超出了迄今为止已经考虑。 这项工作的结果将用于开发一种新的短期预报方法，这种方法将联合收割机与温度数据相结合，所有这些都是为了减轻高温对健康的不利影响。 我们还将努力提高目前温度监测网络的效率。但气候变化影响的不仅仅是人类。其他研究将涉及海洋哺乳动物，因为它们在某些地区的数量正在减少，原因尚不清楚。现在，这项研究将继续进行已经开始的工作，对海狗在GPS定位之间的路径进行建模，以更好地估计它们的能量消耗（从而表明它们需要多少食物），并了解它们寻求的栖息地。气候变化对这些生境的影响将是研究人口增长的影响及其对气候的影响的最终目标。**

The burgeoning World population, newly predicted under present conditions to continue growing to as much as 15billion by the year 2100, is leading to increasing concerns about elevated levels of environment risk. More incidents e.g. high temperature episodes and the increased consumption of fossil fuels e.g. coal are expected. This dark future portends an increased need to effectively monitor environmental processes over space and time along with accurate methods for predicting these processes where they cannot be monitored in space and in the future, to support the management and mitigation of these risks through effective policy and regulation. Statisticians have a major role to play in this future, particularly in quantifying the uncertainties that abound.******The proposed research will continue the applicant's long-term research program on the optimum design of spatio temporal process monitoring networks and the use of the resulting data for modelling these processes for spatial prediction and future values. In particular, since existing network stations tend to be sited at preferentially selected geographical locations, we will continue seeking methods to reduce errors in statistical estimates induced by locating stations in that way. The research will also explore a promising objective method for siting them, one that insures they are well distributed over space. ******The remainder of the research concerns the use of data from these networks, possibly with adjustments for the effects of preferential siting, to create good spatio temporal models. We will continue current research and seek models for temperature fields that extend their geographical domains of applicability current work has focused the Pacific Northwest region of North America, beyond what has been considered to date. The results of this work will be used in the development of a new method for short term forecasting this will combine an ensemble of computer models with temperature data, all in the direction of mitigating the adverse health effects of high temperatures. We will also seek to improve the efficiency of current temperature monitoring networks.******But climate change is affecting not just the human species. Other research will concern marine mammals since their numbers in some regions are being depleted for reasons not yet understood. Now the research will continue work already begun on modelling the paths of fur seals between GPS sitings to better estimate their energy consumption (thus indicating how much food they need) as well as learn about the habitats they seek. The effect of climate change on these habitats will be the ultimate goal of the research on the impacts of increasing human populations and their impacts on the climate.*** **