Innate immunity in teleosts

我的研究计划和目前短期目标中概述的研究旨在更好地了解鱼类对传染病的先天抵抗力。水产养殖占全世界鱼类蛋白消费量的一半以上，传染病是产量损失的一个重要原因。水产养殖是加拿大的一个增长型行业，未来将继续扩大和支持加拿大的就业机会。鱼类健康的成本效益比（单位产品成本相对较低）要求我们确定抗传染病的先天标记，以提高生存率，而不严重依赖抗菌剂或昂贵的产品。虹鳟鱼的两种重要疾病是病毒性出血性败血症病毒（VHSV）和引起细菌性冷水病（BCWD）的嗜冷黄杆菌（Flavobacterium psychrophilum）。BCWD是北美鳟鱼最重要的经济疾病，VHSV作为一种可报告的疾病，一直受到关注。鳃上皮细胞和脾巨噬细胞是分别提供对VHSV和BCWD的抗性的关键细胞。鳃上皮的抗微生物能力，这将限制初始VHSV复制，是至关重要的，以减少系统性传播和死亡率和拟议的研究将使用来自RT鳃上皮细胞系。RT脾巨噬细胞系也将用于模拟F.嗜冷菌通过使用相对具有成本效益的微生物模式/结构来刺激抗病毒和抗菌抗性是本研究的一个潜在成果。最后，这项研究将研究一个潜在的非常重要的现象，我们已经发现有关抵抗BCWD。喂食商业水产养殖饲料中常见的真菌毒素或限制饮食的鳟鱼实际上对实验感染不太敏感。我们推测，这种机制是由于诱导细胞途径称为自噬，可以限制细胞内生物体的生长。了解这一现象可能对减少水产养殖的产量损失和死亡率具有重要意义。这项研究计划的一个重要好处是减少了对养殖鱼类抗菌剂使用的依赖，提高了生产成本的效率。这笔资金还将培训至少四名应用和基础水生动物健康方面的高素质人员，并将理想地将他们安置在与水产养殖直接相关的职位或其他领域的联合健康行业。

My research program and the studies outlined in the present short-term objectives are designed to better understand innate resistance of fish to infectious disease. Aquaculture is responsible for more than half of all fish protein consumed worldwide and infectious disease is an important cause of lost production. Aquaculture is a growth industry for Canada and will continue to expand and support Canadian jobs in the future. The cost-benefit ratio (relatively low cost per unit product) for fish health requires that we identify innate markers for resistance to infectious disease to provide enhanced survival, without heavy reliance on antimicrobials or expensive products. Two important diseases of rainbow trout (RT) are viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) and Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the cause of bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD). BCWD is the most economically important disease of trout in North America and VHSV, as a reportable disease, is always of concern. The gill epithelium and the splenic macrophage are key cells that provide for resistance from VHSV and BCWD, respectively. The antimicrobial capabilities of the gill epithelium, which would limit initial VHSV replication, are critical to reduce systemic spread and mortality and the propsed research will use a cell line derived from RT gill epithelium. A RT splenic macrophage cell line will also be used to model killing of F. psychrophilum. Stimulation of antiviral and antibacterial resistance by using relatively cost-effective microbial patterns/structures is one potential outcome of this research. Finally, this research will examine a potentially very important phenomenon that we have discovered regarding resistance to BCWD. Trout which were fed a mycotoxin commonly found in commercial aquaculture feeds, or trout which were on a restricted diet, were actually less susceptible to experimental infection. We hypothesize that this mechanism is due to induction of a cell pathway termed autophagy that can limit the growth of intracellular organisms. Understanding this phenomenon could have important implications for reducing production losses and mortality in aquaculture. An important benefit of this research program would be reduced reliance on antimicrobial use in farmed fish and improved efficiency in the cost of production. This funding will also train at least four high quality personnel in applied and basic aquatic animal health and will ideally position them for employment in the allied health industry, either in positions directly related to aquaculture or in other fields.