Highly personalized user interfaces

这个提议解决了日常交互式软件工具的问题，比如文字处理器和网络浏览器，都是一刀切的，通常是为神话般的普通用户设计的。智能手机和平板电脑同样是一刀切。它们无法满足用户的各种需求和偏好。这迫使用户适应工具。设计能够以显著的方式个性化以满足用户多样性的工具是一个有前途的解决方案;工具不是塑造用户的行为，而是通过预测用户需要来适应用户，或者用户个性化工具以满足自己的需求。这种个性化很难实现。如果设计得不好，它会增加交互的复杂性，使工具更难使用。 总体研究目标是创建易于使用的高度个性化的界面。这需要：（a）在不同的形式、界面和工具类别中捕捉用户需求和偏好的个体差异;（B）利用这种理解来构建高度个性化的界面;（c）验证所构建的界面是可用的，并支持早期观察到的个体差异。 该提案描述了四个平行和互补的研究主题，每个主题都涵盖了上述要求，并在特定领域推进个性化： (1)个性化的软件中断，以减轻来自电子邮件、软件更新警报、社交媒体等的大量通知所造成的中断; (2)个性化手势输入，使手持设备上的交互更有效和令人满意; (3)支持共享个性化的协作个性化策略，以便用户可以从具有更多技术专长的人员编写的个性化中受益;以及 (4)本发明提供了一种跨用户寿命和能力水平的个性化，以：i）创建随着用户年龄增长而更无缝地适应用户的设备，以及ii）为具有显著运动和认知障碍的个体创建易于个性化的即插即用媒体系统。 虽然难以量化，但不能满足个人需求和能力的交互式技术的成本体现在效率低下的做法、用户分心、生产力损失以及特定用户群体进入的明显障碍。相反，根据个人需求高度个性化的设计将导致高价值的产品，这些产品工作更好，成本更低，丰富生活。

This proposal addresses the problem that everyday interactive software tools, such as word processors and web browsers, are one-size-fits-all, often designed for a mythical average user. Smartphones and tablets are similarly one-size-fits-all. They are unable to accommodate a range of user needs and preferences. This forces users to adapt themselves to the tool. Designing tools that can be personalized in a significant way to satisfy user diversity is a promising solution; instead of the tool shaping the user's behaviour, the tool adapts to the user by predicting what the user needs, or the user personalizes the tool to fit their own needs. Such personalization is difficult to achieve. If not well designed, it can add more complexity to the interaction, making tools even harder to use. The general research objective is to create highly personalized interfaces that are easy to use. This requires: (a) capturing individual differences in user needs and preferences across modalities, interfaces, and classes of tools; (b) utilizing that understanding to build highly personalizable interfaces; and (c) validating that the built interfaces are usable and support the earlier observed individual differences. This proposal describes four parallel and complementary research threads, each of which spans the requirements above and advances personalization in a particular domain: (1) personalized software interruptions to mitigate the disruption caused by the deluge of notifications from emails, software update alerts, social media and more; (2) personalized gesture input to make interactions on handheld devices more efficient and satisfying; (3) collaborative personalization strategies to support sharing personalizations so that users can benefit from personalizations authored by those with more technical expertise; and (4) personalization across users' lifespans and ability levels to: i) create devices that adapt more seamlessly to users as they age, and ii) create an easy-to-personalize plug-and-play media system for individuals with significant motor and cognitive impairments. Though difficult to quantify, the cost of interactive technologies that do not meet individual needs and abilities is felt in inefficient practices, distracted users, lost productivity and outright barriers to entry for specific user populations. Conversely, design that is highly personalized to individual needs will lead to high-value products that work better, cost less and enrich lives.