Transforming garbage into gold: development of experimental tools to study nutritional dynamics of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illuscens Linnaeus 1758).

越来越多的证据表明，昆虫有能力将价值相对较低的废物流转化为有价值的动物饲料成分。这个概念很简单：昆虫幼虫不是将有机废物回收为堆肥或甲烷，而是消耗有机废物并将有机废物转化为有营养的饲料成分。专门作为家畜/鱼类饲料的昆虫养殖已经进行了几十年的评估。昆虫幼虫通常富含蛋白质，是脂质的重要来源，这取决于物种，使它们成为废物生物转化的绝佳候选者。然而，这种方法的广泛采用和/或商业化受到限制，主要是由于手工努力，往往是在发展中国家，一体化或协调发展有限。然而，目前，各种因素的汇合重新引起了人们对这一领域的兴趣，包括世界各地的一些大型商业企业。许多城市限制将有机废物填埋的新法规，以及为动物饲料寻找可持续成分的需要，使人们重新有兴趣重新评估昆虫将有机废物转化为有价值的饲料资源的机会。幼虫原料特性（如营养成分、化学成分）对幼虫后续饲养价值的影响为动物饲料行业开发创新产品提供了机会。

A growing body of evidence has demonstrated the ability of insects to transform relatively low-value waste streams into valuable animal feed ingredients. The concept is simple: rather than recycling organic wastes into compost or methane, insect larvae consume organic waste and convert (or upcycle') organic waste into nutritious feed ingredients. The culture of insects raised specifically as feed for domestic animals/fish, has been evaluated for several decades. Insect larvae are typically rich in protein and can be an important source of lipids, depending on the species, rendering them excellent candidates for the bioconversion of waste materials. However, the widespread adoption and/or commercialization of such approaches has been limited, largely due to artisanal efforts, often in developing nations, with limited integration or coordinated development. Currently however, a convergence of factors has renewed interest in this area, including a number of large-scale commercial ventures around the world. A combination of new regulations in many municipalities restricting the disposal of organic wastes to landfills, together with the need to find sustainable ingredients for animal feeds has brought a renewed interest to re-evaluate the opportunities for insects to convert waste organics into valuable feed resources. The impact of larval feedstock characteristics (e.g. nutrient profile, chemical composition) to affect the subsequent feeding value of the larvae provides the opportunity to develop innovative products for the animal feed industry. For many decades, animal nutrition research has benefited greatly by the development and implementation of tools and standardized experimental approaches, which are required to systematically carry out nutrient requirement research, evaluate feed ingredients as potential candidates for dietary inclusion, develop adequate feed formulations to optimise animal production. The need for reliable tools and methodologies has led to the development of a number of experimental approaches to understand the degree by which nutrients are absorbed, either direct or indirect measurement of apparent nutrient digestibility as well as performance indices to gage animal performance. However, unlike other areas of animal nutrition, there exists no tools and standardized approaches to study nutritional dynamics of insect larvae. The application of parallel concepts for insect larvae will greatly advance fundamental and applied studies relating to nutritional dynamics across different species and life stages.