Identification and environmental fate of novel halogenated polycyclic aromatic compounds in Canada's Oil Sands Region

阿尔伯塔油砂（AOS）是世界第三大储量 原油产量估计为1650亿桶， 目前的技术。该地区含有天然存在的原油混合物， 沥青、沙子、粘土、超细矿物固体和 富含有机化合物的汤，其中最值得注意的是 多环芳香族化合物（PACs）。因自己的历史 加拿大联邦监测活动的重点是多环 芳烃（PAH）及其烷基化类似物。然而，据了解，AOS地区曾经被海水覆盖 数百万年前，那里可能含有高浓度的 氯离子和溴离子。在油砂形成过程中， 压力和温度的成岩作用和退成作用， 大量地壳元素Al和Fe形成的卤化物的催化活化创造了有利于有机卤素的环境 阵我们假设卤代PAC可以在 AOS地区的生物样本 这里所描述的研究计划的总体目标是开发新的分析技术，使用最先进的仪器来挖掘新的 卤化PAC（HPAC）的环境样品从AOS地区。 这一点很重要，因为这些化合物以前在AOS地区没有被发现过，而且这些化合物可能比不含卤素原子的化合物对野生动物更有害。 含氯和溴的PAC 及其烷基化衍生物将是这项由学生主导的研究的重点 程序.在生物样本中发现的新化合物将推动第二大 这个研究项目的一部分。具体来说，我们将研究如何敏感这些化合物是代谢使用鱼肝微粒体生物测定。商业上 可用的标准品将用作底物，以了解代谢 这些化合物转化为极性更强的代谢物。除了 为了了解它们代谢的速度，我的HQP团队将鉴定在孵育生物测定过程中形成的代谢物。AOS地区野生动物中的HPAC和鱼类中形成的代谢物的鉴定将导致 关于持久性、生物累积性和毒性的未来研究活动 我们的团队（和其他人）将探索这些化合物。

The Alberta Oil Sands (AOS) is the world's third largest reserve of crude oil with an estimated 165 billion barrels of oil recoverable given current technologies. The region contains naturally occurring mixtures of crude bitumen, sand, clay, ultrafine mineral solids and water that are rich in a soup of organic compounds the most notable of which are the polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). Because of their historical legacy, federal monitoring activities in Canada have focused on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their alkylated analogs. However, it is known that the AOS region was once covered by sea water millions of years ago, which would have contained high concentrations of chloride and bromide ions. During the oil sand formation, the elevated pressures and temperatures of diagenesis and catagenesis combined with the catalytic activation of halides formed with abundant crustal elements Al and Fe created an environment conducive to organohalogen formation. We hypothesize that halogenated PACs would be detectable in biological samples from the AOS region. The overarching aim of the research program described here is to develop novel analytical techniques using state-of-the-art instrumentation to unearth new halogenated PAC (HPACs) in environmental samples from the AOS region. This is important because these compounds have not been identified before in the AOS region and there is a potential that these compounds could be more harmful to wildlife than ones not containing halogen atoms. Chlorine and bromine containing PACs and their alkylated derivatives will be the focus of this student-led research program. The new compounds identify in biological samples will drive the second major component of this research program. Specifically, we will examine how susceptible these compounds are to metabolism using a fish liver microsomal bioassay. Commercially available standards will be used as substrate to understand the metabolic conversion of these compounds to more polar metabolites. In addition to understanding how quickly they metabolize, my HQP team will identify the metabolites formed during the incubation bioassay. The identification of HPACs in wildlife from the AOS region and the metabolites formed in fish will lead to future research activities on the persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicities of these compounds that our group (and others) will explore.