Metabolic responses of the grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry to environmental stimuli

与气候变化有关的气温和降水的预测年度趋势预计将影响全球葡萄酒产区的葡萄产量。然而，在加拿大，这些变化可能有利于未来几年葡萄酒行业的潜在扩张。预计季节性温度和极端降水也会发生相当大的变化，这凸显了了解葡萄代谢和成分如何响应极端环境刺激的迫切需要。我的研究计划的长期目标是研究在环境因素和气候的影响下调节酿酒葡萄成熟和成分的分子和生理机制。这将有助于葡萄酒种植者制定可持续的适应战略，在当前和未来的气候条件下生产优质葡萄。这个项目的短期目标是：1)了解糖和激素在调节葡萄中影响葡萄酒品质的强效气味物质萜烯中的作用。我们将比较葡萄成熟期间和不同糖和激素处理下的细胞培养中萜烯水平与糖和激素水平的关系。基因组和转录组的研究将确定主要萜烯生产品种葡萄中参与萜烯生物合成调控的基因，以及萜烯基因对不同糖和激素处理的反应。2)确定气候，特别是光和温度等环境因素对葡萄中萜烯生物合成的影响。首先，我们将评估阳光、温度、水的可用性以及随后它们的相互作用对萜烯生物合成的影响程度。然后，我们将评估加拿大葡萄园中萜烯水平的可变性，并模拟这些代谢物如何在几个葡萄酒产区的葡萄园中积累与气候变化的关系。通过将激素和转录谱与萜烯水平进行比较，将确定参与这些刺激对萜烯途径的传递的激素和基因。3)评价不同品种葡萄生长和成分对水分亏缺的响应。这将决定不同葡萄品种先天气孔对水分亏缺的敏感性对葡萄果实生长和代谢的影响程度。本研究将考虑跨越一系列气孔行为的商业品种，并评估葡萄的生长和代谢（糖、酸、激素、酚类物质、挥发性有机化合物如萜烯）对水分缺乏的反应。该研究项目将有助于促进葡萄生物学的发展，并最终促进葡萄酒行业的发展，并旨在培养葡萄栽培/园艺领域的HQP，旨在从代表性不足的群体中招募HQP，这些HQP将为不断扩大的加拿大葡萄和葡萄酒行业做出贡献。

Predicted annual trends in temperature and precipitation linked to climate change are expected to affect grape production in wine regions worldwide. However, in Canada, these changes may favour the potential expansion of the wine industry in future years. Considerable variability in seasonal temperatures and precipitation extremes are also anticipated to occur, highlighting the critical need to understand how grape metabolism and composition respond to extreme environmental stimuli. The long-term objective of my research program is to investigate the molecular and physiological mechanisms that regulate ripening and composition of wine-grapes in response to environmental factors and climates. This will help winegrowers to develop sustainable adaptation strategies to produce premium grapes in current and future climates. This program's short-term objectives are: 1) To understand the role of sugar and hormones in regulating terpenes - powerful odorants that affect the wine quality - in grapes. We will compare terpene levels with sugar and hormone levels during grape ripening and in cell cultures exposed to different sugar and hormone treatments. The study of genomes and transcriptomes will identify the genes involved in the regulation of terpene biosynthesis in the grapes of major terpene-producing varieties and how terpene genes respond to the different sugar and hormone treatments. 2) To determine the effect of climate and, in particular, of environmental factors such as light and temperature on terpene biosynthesis in grapes. First, we will assess the extent to which sunlight, temperature, water availability, and subsequently their interactions affect the terpene biosynthesis. Then we will assess the variability of terpene levels in Canadian vineyards and model how these metabolites accumulate in the vineyard of several wine regions in relation to changes in climate. The hormones and genes that are involved in the relay of these stimuli on the terpene pathways will be identified by comparing the hormone and transcript profiles with the terpene levels. 3) To assess the response of grape growth and composition to water deficit in varieties with contrasting stomatal behaviors. This will determine the extent to which the innate stomatal sensitivity to water deficit of different grapevine varieties affects grape berry growth and metabolism. This study will consider commercial varieties that span a range of stomatal behaviors and assess how the grape growth and metabolism (sugars, acids, hormones, phenolics, volatile organic compounds such as terpenes) respond to water deficit. This research program will help advance the science of grape biology and ultimately the wine industry, and is positioned to train HQP in the areas of viticulture/horticulture, with the aim of recruiting HQP from underrepresented groups, who will contribute back to the expanding Canadian grape and wine industry.