Large scale integration of EVs into the smart grid: A comprehensive cyber physical study and security assessment

面对气候变化和温室气体排放的增加，195个国家签署了减少温室气体排放的《巴黎气候协定》。为了实现这一目标，各国利用电动汽车在这方面的优势，制定了到2030年电动汽车市场份额达到30%的自我设定目标。为了与这一愿景保持一致，魁北克政府制定了到2030年实现100万辆电动汽车的目标。事实上，魁北克将在2035年之前禁止销售新的汽油动力乘用车。幸运的是，尽管2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行，但2020年前9个月全球新注册电动汽车170万辆，比2019年同期注册的电动汽车还多。这得到了政府提供的更多补贴和回扣以及通过服务驱动的日益增长的趋势的支持。然而，为了加速这一趋势，该项目将与加拿大魁北克水电公司合作进行。此次合作的目标是开发技术，以识别和减轻电动汽车充电基础设施推出所面临的主要障碍，以及潜在的网络物理攻击及其对电网的影响。本项目还拟设计电动汽车充电需求、充电站等待时间以及电动汽车车主因等待时间过长而产生的违约行为的数据驱动模型。这样的结果将有助于电动汽车充电供应商和运营商更好地提供和规模他们的基础设施。我们将在整个项目中对整个电动汽车充电网络链进行完整的网络安全评估（固件分析、协议分析、充电移动应用等），并提出评估和建议。该项目将进一步开发检测和缓解方法，以保护这条网络链以及对电网的潜在影响。

Faced with climate change and increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, 195 countries signed the Paris Climate agreement to reduce the GHG emissions. To attain this goal, by utilizing electric vehicle (EV) benefits in this regard, countries have set self-imposed targets to reach a 30% market share for electric vehicles by 2030. Keeping in line with this vision, the Quebec Government has set a target of 1 million EVs by 2030. In fact, Quebec will ban the sales of new gasoline-powered passenger cars by 2035. Fortunately, despite the COVID-19 pandemic, 1.7 million new EVs were registered worldwide during the first 9 months of 2020 which is more than the EVs registered during the same period in 2019. This has been supported by increased subsidies and rebates offered by governments and an increasing trend of drive through services. However, to accelerate this trend, the project will be conducted with the Hydro Quebec, Canada. The goal of this partnership is to develop technologies to identify and mitigate major obstacles faced with the roll out of the EV charging infrastructure and potential cyber-physical attacks and their impact on the power grid. The project intends to also design a data driven model for EV charging demand, waiting time at charging stations (CSs) and corresponding reneging due long waiting by EV owners. Such outcome will assist EV charging providers as well as operators better provision and size their infrastructure. We will carry out throughout this project complete cyber security evaluation of the whole EV charging cyber chain (firmware analysis, protocol analysis, charging mobile applications, etc.) and make assessment and recommendations. The project will further develop detection and mitigation methods to protect this cyber chain and the potential consequences on the power grid.