Bandgap engineering for 2D materials for device applications

固态器件是所有现代电子产品的支柱。器件的性能固有地取决于半导体的性能和质量。在过去的几十年里，无机半导体材料如硅、GaAs、Ge等已被用于高性能器件。随着设备尺寸的缩小，人们一直在寻求用于设备的更新材料。此外，还有更灵活的电子产品以及生物可穿戴设备与需要使用不同材料的电子产品的集成。2-三维材料是独特的并且提供了可用于器件应用的几个优点。这些材料在单层内的原子之间具有共价键，但在两个单层之间具有货车范德华力。这使得它们更容易实现单层厚度相比，传统的无机半导体，如硅，锗等二维材料的家庭包括半导体，半导体和半金属。二维半导体提供高迁移率，其中许多是可调的带隙与单层的数量。这提供了使用它们作为用于发光应用（如LED）和用于电子器件的直接带隙材料的另一个优点，因为它们具有导致快速器件的高本征迁移率。 在这个方案中，二维材料将在高真空环境下使用脉冲激光沉积生长。这将产生高质量的大面积材料，用于器件应用。此外，包括两种类型的二维材料的异质结构将原位生长，这将用于开发光学谐振器。这些材料将被表征，以了解其材料，电气和光学特性，这将提供反馈，以优化生长和开发高性能的光学和电子器件。 这些2D材料器件可以应用于从光电子到生物传感的各种应用。我们将集中在两个应用程序在这里，即，开发异质结构晶体管，可用于生物传感应用和光电器件，可用于柔性电子。这些材料的开发将有助于加强纳米材料和纳米器件领域，这是经济多样化的重要领域。阿尔伯塔和加拿大都将受益于这一材料和设备领域的发展。电子和光电器件具有巨大的市场，对于柔性电子产品的应用，包括显示器，电子和生物传感器，预计到2027年，该市场将增长至约420亿美元，比2020年增长7.4%。因此，这是一个重要的推力领域和新技术;包括材料生长和器件开发将是阿尔伯塔和加拿大纳米技术部门非常重要的一步。

Solid state devices are the backbone of all the modern electronics. The device properties inherently depend upon the quality of the semiconductor properties and quality. Inorganic semiconductor materials like silicon, GaAs, Ge to name a few have been used for high performance devices for the past several decades. As the device dimensions have shrunk there has been a quest for newer materials for devices. Also, there are more flexible electronics and integration of bio wearables with electronics which require different materials to be used. 2-dimensional materials are unique and offer several advantages which can be exploited for device applications. These materials have covalent bonding between the atoms within a monolayer but Van der Waal forces between two monolayers. This makes them achievable in monolayer thickness far more easily as compared to the traditional inorganic semiconductors like silicon, germanium etc. The family of 2-dimensional materials includes semiconductors, dielectrics, and semi-metals. The 2- dimensional semiconductors offer high mobility and many of them are tunable bandgap with the number of monolayers. This offers another the advantage of using them as direct bandgap materials for light emitting applications like LED's and for electronic devices as they have high intrinsic mobility which leads to fast speed devices. In this proposal, 2-dimensional materials will be grown under high vacuum environment using pulsed laser deposition. This will produce high quality large area material which will be used for device applications. In addition, heterostructures which include two types of 2-dimensional materials will be grown in-situ, which will be used to develop optical resonators. These materials will be characterised to understand their material, electrical and optical properties which will provide feedback to optimize the growth and develop high-performance optical and electronic devices. These 2D material devices can be applied for a variety of applications ranging from optoelectronics to biosensing. We will focus on two applications here, namely, developing heterostructure transistors that can be used for biosensing applications and optoelectronic devices that can be used for flexible electronics. The development of these materials will help strengthen the area of nanomaterials and nanodevices, which are important areas for economic diversification. Both Alberta and Canada will benefit from the development of this area of materials and devices. Electronic and optoelectronic devices have huge market and for applications in flexible electronics including displays, electronics and biosensors, this market is expected to grow to ~$42B by 2027 with a growth of 7.4% from 2020. Thus, this is an important thrust area and a novel technology; including material growth and device development will be a very important step for the nanotechnology sector both in Alberta and for Canada.