Dispersal and Group Dynamics of Chimpanzees and Baboons at Gombe

贡贝黑猩猩和狒狒的扩散和群体动态

• 批准号: 9021946
• 负责人: Anne Pusey
• 金额: $ 28.59万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-05-01 至 1994-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9021946&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dispersal; Group; Dynamics; Chimpanzees; Baboons

Different primate species are characterized by differing patterns of dispersal. It is generally felt that the dispersal pattern is an adaptation which may increase the selective fitness of individuals by increasingly their likelihood of mating and hence passing their genes on to subsequent generations. Both chimpanzees and baboons are present in the Gombe Forest of Tanzania and each demonstrates a different dispersal pattern. Among chimpanzees, about half of the females leave their natal group permanently and half leave temporarily. Among the baboons, it is the males who emigrate but the age of first dispersal varies from 3 to 9 years. Additionally, some female baboons leave their natal range at the time when groups divide. In order to attempt to understand the costs and benefits of the different patterns, the PIs will cooperate with Jane Goodall in the use of her detailed field notes; notes which extend back for as much as 20 years. In addition, they will extend the studies of both species at Gombe for the next three years by direct observation. In cooperation with Tanzanian scientists, they will also test the relationship of the richness of the habitat to the dispersal patterns by initiating new studies on the plant species distributions within the ranges of each species.

不同的灵长类物种具有不同的扩散模式。 人们普遍认为，扩散模式是一种适应，可以通过增加个体交配的可能性来提高个体的选择性适应性，从而将其基因传递给后代。 黑猩猩和狒狒都生活在坦桑尼亚的贡贝森林中，并且各自表现出不同的扩散模式。 在黑猩猩中，大约一半的雌性会永久离开其出生群体，一半会暂时离开。 在狒狒中，迁徙的是雄性，但首次迁徙的年龄从 3 岁到 9 岁不等。 此外，一些雌性狒狒会在群体分裂时离开出生地。 为了尝试了解不同模式的成本和收益，PI 将与 Jane Goodall 合作，使用她详细的现场笔记；笔记可以追溯到20年前。 此外，他们将在未来三年通过直接观察扩展对贡贝这两个物种的研究。 他们还将与坦桑尼亚科学家合作，通过对每个物种范围内的植物物种分布进行新的研究，来测试栖息地的丰富度与扩散模式的关系。