Group Dynamics, Reproductive Success and Hibitat Utilization in Chimpanzees and Baboons

9319909安妮·普西在过去的30年里，简·古道尔彻底改变了我们对黑猩猩行为的理解，并在这个过程中给了我们一个关于我们自己和我们行为起源的非凡视角。黑猩猩本身就很迷人。它们是为数不多的表现出雌性扩散和雄性-雄性合作的哺乳动物物种之一，这项持续的研究将为这种不寻常的社会组织的原因和后果提供新的见解。虽然没有黑猩猩研究那么突出，但冈贝狒狒研究是对任何非洲猴子进行的时间最长、范围最广的实地研究。目前的研究工作与古道尔和坦桑尼亚的合作者协调，将涉及三个相互关联的项目。首先，将分析关于黑猩猩和橄榄狒狒的长期人口统计和行为数据，并收集新的数据。这将包括古道尔过去30年的记录。重点将是审查女性分散和男性社交的代价和好处。相比之下，橄榄狒狒表现出东半球猴子的典型社会组织，其栖息地主要由雌性和雄性在部队之间移动维持。这项研究将调查影响女性生殖成功的群体因素，以及在男性生殖成功、社会关系和父亲照顾方面个体差异的原因。大样本量允许对人口统计和社会行为进行复杂的统计分析。第二个项目涉及对整个公园的植被多样性和分布进行非常详细的调查--这是一个植物多样性不寻常的地区。植被研究将阐明黑猩猩社会组织的生态学基础，企鹅群体间竞争的重要性，并将有助于坦桑尼亚生物多样性的清点。第三个项目将使用从这两个物种的粪便中提取的DNA来评估父子关系、测量遗传亲缘关系和近亲繁殖水平。通过完善从粪便中提取核DNA的方法，并开发针对狒狒的特异引物，该团队将促进其他灵长类野外研究中的亲子鉴定。

9319909 Anne Pusey In the past 30 years, Jane Goodall revolutionized our understanding of chimpanzee behavior, and in the process gave us an extraordinary perspective on ourselves and our behavioral origins. Chimpanzees are fascinating in their own right. They are one of the few mammalian species to show female dispersal and male-male cooperation, and this continuing study will provide new insights into the causes and consequences of this unusual social organization. Though less prominent than the chimp study, the Gombe baboon study is the longest and most extensive field study of any African monkey. This current research effort, in coordination with Goodall and Tanzanian collaborators, will involve three interconnecting projects. First, long-term demographic and behavioral data on chimpanzees and olive baboons will be analyzed and new data will be collected. This will include Goodall's records from the past three decades. The emphasis will be an examination of the costs and benefits of female dispersion and male sociality. In contrast, olive baboons show the social organization typical of old world monkeys, with home ranges maintained largely by the females and males moving between troops. This research effort will investigate group-level factors influencing female reproductive success, and the causes of individual variability in male reproductive success, social relationships and paternal care. The large sample sizes allow sophisticated statistical analysis of demography and social behavior. The second project involves a highly detailed survey of the diversity and distribution of vegetation in the entire park -- an area of unusual plant diversity. The vegetation studies will clarify the ecological basis of chimpanzee social organization, the importance of inter-troop competition in baboons, and will also contribute to the inventory of biodiversity in Tanzania. The third project will use DNA extracted from feces of both species to assess paternity, measure genetic relatedness and levels of inbreeding. By perfecting the extraction of nuclear DNA from feces and developing baboon-specific primers, the team will facilitate paternity studies in other primate field studies.