Group Dynamics, Reproductive Success and Hibitat Utilization in Chimpanzees and Baboons

在过去的30年里，珍·古道尔彻底改变了我们对黑猩猩行为的理解，在这个过程中，她让我们对自己和我们的行为起源有了一个非同寻常的看法。黑猩猩本身就很迷人。它们是少数表现出雌性分散和雄性合作的哺乳动物之一，这项持续的研究将为这种不寻常的社会组织的原因和后果提供新的见解。尽管贡贝狒狒的研究没有黑猩猩的研究那么突出，但它是对非洲猴子进行的最长、最广泛的实地研究。目前这项与古道尔和坦桑尼亚合作者协调的研究工作将涉及三个相互联系的项目。首先，将对黑猩猩和橄榄狒狒的长期人口统计和行为数据进行分析，并收集新的数据。这将包括古道尔过去三十年的记录。重点将是审查女性分散和男性社会性的成本和利益。相比之下，橄榄狒狒表现出典型的旧大陆猴的社会组织，其家庭范围主要由雌性和雄性在部队之间移动来维持。本研究将探讨影响雌性繁殖成功的群体因素，以及雄性繁殖成功、社会关系和父权照顾的个体差异的原因。大样本量允许对人口和社会行为进行复杂的统计分析。第二个项目涉及对整个公园植被的多样性和分布进行非常详细的调查，这是一个植物多样性非常丰富的地区。植被研究将阐明黑猩猩社会组织的生态基础，狒狒群体间竞争的重要性，并将有助于清点坦桑尼亚的生物多样性。第三个项目将使用从两个物种的粪便中提取的DNA来评估父系关系，测量遗传相关性和近亲繁殖水平。通过完善从粪便中提取核DNA和开发狒狒特异性引物，该团队将促进其他灵长类动物领域的父系研究。

9319909 Anne Pusey In the past 30 years, Jane Goodall revolutionized our understanding of chimpanzee behavior, and in the process gave us an extraordinary perspective on ourselves and our behavioral origins. Chimpanzees are fascinating in their own right. They are one of the few mammalian species to show female dispersal and male-male cooperation, and this continuing study will provide new insights into the causes and consequences of this unusual social organization. Though less prominent than the chimp study, the Gombe baboon study is the longest and most extensive field study of any African monkey. This current research effort, in coordination with Goodall and Tanzanian collaborators, will involve three interconnecting projects. First, long-term demographic and behavioral data on chimpanzees and olive baboons will be analyzed and new data will be collected. This will include Goodall's records from the past three decades. The emphasis will be an examination of the costs and benefits of female dispersion and male sociality. In contrast, olive baboons show the social organization typical of old world monkeys, with home ranges maintained largely by the females and males moving between troops. This research effort will investigate group-level factors influencing female reproductive success, and the causes of individual variability in male reproductive success, social relationships and paternal care. The large sample sizes allow sophisticated statistical analysis of demography and social behavior. The second project involves a highly detailed survey of the diversity and distribution of vegetation in the entire park -- an area of unusual plant diversity. The vegetation studies will clarify the ecological basis of chimpanzee social organization, the importance of inter-troop competition in baboons, and will also contribute to the inventory of biodiversity in Tanzania. The third project will use DNA extracted from feces of both species to assess paternity, measure genetic relatedness and levels of inbreeding. By perfecting the extraction of nuclear DNA from feces and developing baboon-specific primers, the team will facilitate paternity studies in other primate field studies.