Relatedness in Wild Primates

9507423 该项目将利用遗传分析来确定坦桑尼亚国家公园的贡贝黑猩猩和狒狒的父子关系和雄性繁殖成功的模式。 在Jane Goodall博士的指导下，这些人群分别进行了35年和28年的研究。 在这两个物种中，雌性与许多雄性交配，雄性表现出多种交配策略，包括高频率交配，积极竞争获得雌性，占有行为，形成联盟，以及与雌性培养特殊关系。 然而，很少有人知道这些策略在实现亲子关系的相对有效性，因为遗传分析一直是不可能的。 该项目将使用一种非侵入性程序，即从粪便中提取DNA，以获得遗传物质进行分析。 已经收集了五个群体的250只狒狒和一个社区的20只黑猩猩的样本，DNA提取技术已经完善。 将从6个狒狒群体和2个黑猩猩社区的额外婴儿和未抽样的潜在父母中收集样本，以产生150只婴儿狒狒和20只婴儿黑猩猩的总样本量。 将通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增核DNA的约8个高变区，并通过比较婴儿、其母亲和潜在父亲的基因型来确定亲子关系。 结合详细的行为记录，父子关系的知识将允许评估不同的交配策略的有效性。 这项研究将提供有关群体内亲缘关系模式的新信息，并将为这些物种的竞争行为和从属关系的进化提供新的见解。

9507423 This project will use genetic analysis to determine the patterns of paternity and male reproductive success in the chimpanzees and baboons of Gombe National Park, Tanzania. These populations have been studied under the direction of Dr. Jane Goodall for 35 and 28 years, respectively. In both species, females mate with many males, and males show a variety of mating strategies including mating at high frequencies, aggressive competition for access to females, possessive behavior, the formation of consortships, and the cultivation of special relationships with females. However, little is known of the relative effectiveness of these strategies in achieving paternity because genetic analysis has not been possible. This project will use a non-invasive procedure, the extraction of DNA from feces, to obtain genetic material for analysis. Samples from 250 baboons in five troops, and 20 chimpanzees in one community, have already been collected, and techniques for DNA extraction have been perfected. Samples will be collected from additional infants and unsampled potential parents in six baboon troops and two chimpanzee communities to yield total sample sizes of 150 infant baboons and 20 infant chimpanzees. Approximately 8 hypervariable regions of the nuclear DNA will be amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and paternity will be determined by comparing the genotypes of infants, their mothers, and potential fathers. In combination with the detailed behavioral records, knowledge of paternity will allow assessment of the effectiveness of different mating strategies. The study will provide new information about patterns mf relatedness within groups and will provide new insights into the evolution of competitive behavior and affiliative relationships in these species.