Relatedness in Wild Primates

9507423本项目将使用基因分析来确定坦桑尼亚贡贝国家公园黑猩猩和狒狒的父权模式和雄性繁殖成功率。在Jane Goodall博士的指导下，对这两个种群分别进行了35年和28年的研究。在这两个物种中，雌性都与许多雄性交配，雄性表现出各种各样的交配策略，包括高频率的交配、为获得雌性而进行的激烈竞争、占有欲的行为、组团以及与雌性建立特殊关系的培养。然而，由于遗传分析还不可能，这些策略在获得父权方面的相对有效性知之甚少。该项目将采用一种非侵入性的方法，从粪便中提取DNA，以获得用于分析的遗传物质。目前已经从5个种群的250只狒狒和一个种群的20只黑猩猩身上收集到了样本，DNA提取技术也已经完善。样本将从六个狒狒种群和两个黑猩猩群落的额外婴儿和未采样的潜在父母中收集，总样本量为150只幼狒狒和20只幼黑猩猩。核DNA的大约8个高变区将通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增，父系关系将通过比较婴儿、母亲和潜在父亲的基因型来确定。结合详细的行为记录，父子关系的知识将有助于评估不同交配策略的有效性。这项研究将提供关于群体内亲缘关系模式的新信息，并将为这些物种的竞争行为和从属关系的进化提供新的见解。

9507423 This project will use genetic analysis to determine the patterns of paternity and male reproductive success in the chimpanzees and baboons of Gombe National Park, Tanzania. These populations have been studied under the direction of Dr. Jane Goodall for 35 and 28 years, respectively. In both species, females mate with many males, and males show a variety of mating strategies including mating at high frequencies, aggressive competition for access to females, possessive behavior, the formation of consortships, and the cultivation of special relationships with females. However, little is known of the relative effectiveness of these strategies in achieving paternity because genetic analysis has not been possible. This project will use a non-invasive procedure, the extraction of DNA from feces, to obtain genetic material for analysis. Samples from 250 baboons in five troops, and 20 chimpanzees in one community, have already been collected, and techniques for DNA extraction have been perfected. Samples will be collected from additional infants and unsampled potential parents in six baboon troops and two chimpanzee communities to yield total sample sizes of 150 infant baboons and 20 infant chimpanzees. Approximately 8 hypervariable regions of the nuclear DNA will be amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and paternity will be determined by comparing the genotypes of infants, their mothers, and potential fathers. In combination with the detailed behavioral records, knowledge of paternity will allow assessment of the effectiveness of different mating strategies. The study will provide new information about patterns mf relatedness within groups and will provide new insights into the evolution of competitive behavior and affiliative relationships in these species.