Distribution, Nutrition, Physiology and Phylogenetics of Oligobacteria

寡杆菌的分布、营养、生理学和系统发育学

• 批准号: 9316731
• 负责人: Don Button
• 金额: $ 38.83万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-02-01 至 1998-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9316731&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Distribution; Nutrition; Physiology; Phylogenetics; Oligobacteria

Button 9316731 A rather even distribution of bacteria occurs in the world's oceans. They recycle a large fraction of the organic material to CO2, leaving a very dilute organic mixture, and send an unknown fraction up the food chain. Their adaptation to the dilute solution results in cellular properties that set them apart from organisms commonly cultured from the sea. These properties include small size necessitating special methods of observation, the ability to subsist in very dilute conditions suggesting the name oligobacteria, and resistance to cultivation. The development of a number of new methods is at the stage where scientists can now applied them to these typical oligobacteria: (i) dilution culture for isolating members of the population and determining their viability, (ii) population structure in sea water for estimating in situ growth rates, (iii) high resolution flow cytometry for quantifying their populations, evaluating their biochemistry, and determining their 3-dimensional distribution, (iv) phylogenetics for taxonomic evaluation, and (v) kinetic theory for interpreting the results. The overall objective of this project is to describe the balance between the concentration of dissolved nutrients and the organisms that affect nutrient concentrations through selective removal. To understand how oligobacteria regulate the concentration of organic nutrients, Dr. Button plans nutritional, kinetic and biochemical studies on isolates. Integrated in these studies are experiments to produce dense cultures to learn how dilute organic solutions regulate maximal marine populations. In addition, the project will investigate using freshly collected sea water the range of growth rates and organism characteristics that one considers common, in order to refine concepts of viability and to evaluate the effect of grazing on bacterioplankton characteristics. ***

细菌在世界海洋中的分布相当均匀。它们将大部分有机物质循环转化为二氧化碳，留下非常稀释的有机混合物，并将未知的部分送入食物链。它们对稀释溶液的适应导致了细胞特性，使它们与通常从海洋中培养的生物区别开来。这些特性包括体积小，需要特殊的观察方法，能够在非常稀释的条件下生存，因此得名寡菌，以及耐培养。许多新方法的发展正处于科学家可以将其应用于这些典型寡菌的阶段：(i)稀释培养，用于分离群体成员并确定其生存能力；（ii）海水中的群体结构，用于估计原位生长速率；（iii）高分辨率流式细胞术，用于量化群体，评估其生物化学，并确定其三维分布；（iv）系统发育学，用于分类评估；(v)动力学理论，用于解释结果。该项目的总体目标是描述溶解营养物浓度和通过选择性去除影响营养物浓度的生物之间的平衡。为了了解寡菌如何调节有机营养物的浓度，巴顿博士计划对分离物进行营养、动力学和生化研究。在这些研究中还包括生产密集培养物的实验，以了解稀有机溶液如何调节最大的海洋种群。此外，该项目将利用新收集的海水调查人们认为常见的生长速率和生物特征的范围，以完善生存能力的概念并评估放牧对浮游细菌特征的影响。＊＊＊