Dynamics of Memory Judgments

小行星9319265 这个项目将研究信息是如何从人类记忆中提取的;它将集中在记忆中单个项目的不同类型的信息提取的详细时间过程。 这些实验要求人们对测试项目（一个单词或一张图片）做出二分决定;该方法将操纵人们在被要求做出反应之前所允许的时间。 通过改变这个时间量，就有可能确定在检索事件中个体的决策准确性高于偶然性的最早点（截距）。 以前的研究表明，不同种类的信息可能会被不同的截取，在300-550毫秒的范围内。这些实验将探讨一系列基于记忆的判断，包括判断的一般信息（实验开始前获得的知识）和情节信息（在实验背景下获得）的截取。 他们还将研究对这些基本的实验变量，如重复，新近和相似性的拦截效果。 这项研究将包括开发计算机模拟模型，作为解释结果的辅助手段。 这些发现将有助于形成记忆系统，记忆表征，检索和基于记忆的决策的理论，从而有助于我们更普遍地理解记忆在认知中的作用。 从长远来看，这项工作应该有助于在教育和培训、脑损伤和健忘症以及人类判断和决策中的偏见等领域的应用。 ***

9319265 HINTZMAN This project will study how information is retrieved from human memory; it will focus on the detailed time course of retrieval of different kinds of information about single items in memory. The experiments will require people to make a dichotomous decision about a test item (a word or picture); the method will manipulate the amount of time the person is allowed before being required to make a response. By varying that amount of time, it is possible to determine the earliest point in the retrieval episode at which an individual's decision accuracy rises above chance (the intercept). Previous research has suggested that different kinds of information may be characterized by different intercepts, in the range of 300-550 ms. These experiments will explore intercepts for a range of memory-based judgments, including judgments of generic information (knowledge acquired before the experiment began) and episodic information (acquired in the experimental context). They will also examine effects on intercepts of such fundamental experimental variables as repetition, recency, and similarity. The research will include the development of computer simulation models, as an aid in interpreting the results. The findings will help shape theories of memory systems, memory representation, retrieval, and memory-based decision making, and thereby contribute more generally to our understanding of the role of memory in cognition. The work should contribute in the long run to applications in such areas as education and training, brain damage and amnesia, and biases in human judgment and decision making. ***