Dynamics of Memory Judgments

记忆判断的动态

• 批准号: 9319265
• 负责人: Douglas Hintzman
• 金额: $ 21.5万
• 依托单位: University of Oregon Eugene
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-05-15 至 1998-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9319265&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dynamics; Memory; Judgments

9319265 HINTZMAN This project will study how information is retrieved from human memory; it will focus on the detailed time course of retrieval of different kinds of information about single items in memory. The experiments will require people to make a dichotomous decision about a test item (a word or picture); the method will manipulate the amount of time the person is allowed before being required to make a response. By varying that amount of time, it is possible to determine the earliest point in the retrieval episode at which an individual's decision accuracy rises above chance (the intercept). Previous research has suggested that different kinds of information may be characterized by different intercepts, in the range of 300-550 ms. These experiments will explore intercepts for a range of memory-based judgments, including judgments of generic information (knowledge acquired before the experiment began) and episodic information (acquired in the experimental context). They will also examine effects on intercepts of such fundamental experimental variables as repetition, recency, and similarity. The research will include the development of computer simulation models, as an aid in interpreting the results. The findings will help shape theories of memory systems, memory representation, retrieval, and memory-based decision making, and thereby contribute more generally to our understanding of the role of memory in cognition. The work should contribute in the long run to applications in such areas as education and training, brain damage and amnesia, and biases in human judgment and decision making. ***

9319265 HINTZMAN 该项目将研究如何从人类记忆中检索信息；它将重点关注记忆中单个项目的不同类型信息检索的详细时间过程。 实验将要求人们对测试项目（单词或图片）做出二分决定；该方法将控制该人在被要求做出回应之前所允许的时间。 通过改变该时间量，可以确定检索事件中个人决策准确性高于偶然性（截距）的最早点。 先前的研究表明，不同类型的信息可能由不同的截距来表征，截距范围为 300-550 毫秒。 这些实验将探索一系列基于记忆的判断的拦截，包括对一般信息（实验开始前获得的知识）和情景信息（在实验背景下获得）的判断。 他们还将检查重复、新近度和相似性等基本实验变量对截距的影响。 该研究将包括计算机模拟模型的开发，以帮助解释结果。 这些发现将有助于形成记忆系统、记忆表征、检索和基于记忆的决策的理论，从而有助于我们更广泛地理解记忆在认知中的作用。 从长远来看，这项工作应该有助于教育和培训、脑损伤和健忘症以及人类判断和决策偏差等领域的应用。 ***