Household art and activities, Palaeolithic style: the psychology of 16000 year old domestic culture at Gönnersdorf (Rhineland) and Oelkitz (Thuringia)

家庭艺术和活动，旧石器时代风格：Gönnersdorf（莱茵兰）和 Oelkitz（图林根）16000 年前家庭文化的心理

• 批准号: 448417265
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Psychologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/448417265?language=en
• 关键词: Household; art; activities; Palaeolithic; style

How did people function in their lifespace, and how did the mechanics of routine actions interact with the creation and function of Palaeolithic art? What did domestic life look like in the Upper Palaeolithic?We will deploy methods from the psychology of vision and action to explore hearth-focussed activities within and without of tents on two 16,000 year old Upper Palaeolithic campsites; Gönnersdorf and Oelknitz (Germany). Each possess several well-excavated and well-understood hearths both on flat surfaces and in shallow depressions, covered with cobbles and flat stone plaquettes which are found more widely on contemporary sites in France and Switzerland. At Gönnersdorf 406 plaquettes (at Oelknitz only two) bear engravings of important prey animals (notably horse, reindeer and bison) and highly-stylised depictions of human females. Tent structures of varying form is evidenced by patterned refuse dumps indicative of walls, pits and stones used to support superstructures, and refitting of stone tools and butchered animal bones that reveal where particular activities took place and what areas of internal and external space were linked in daily life. Given the exceptional quality of their preservation, excavation and archival recording, the two sites offer a remarkable database for interrogation.The project's team includes specialists with the greatest familiarity with these sites (MONREPOS, Germany), a cutting edge traceology laboratory (MONREPOS), and a Palaeolithic archaeologist and psychologist of vision and action who are collaboratively developing formal methods for the psychological exploration of early gestures and art (Durham, UK). We will employ a UK PDRA who has been developing this field of visual palaeopsychology as our jointly supervised PhD, and a German PDRA who will carry the traceological studies through a cumulative process of five workpackages. We will undertake the experimental (physical) and VR simulated reconstruction of their hearths and activities occurring around them. In both replication and simulation we can approximate light levels at the time (daylight, lamplight). We will body- and eye-track participants in each, and build up a motion characterisation of domestic activities such as hearth construction/clearing/reuse; tool manufacture and maintenance, and engraving. We will characterise the experimentally created engravings in the MONREPOS traceology laboratory; by comparing these to the traceology of the actual art we can ascertain exactly how these were engraved. The resulting biomechanical & visual characterisation of such will allow us to ascertain how the constrained space in tent interiors determined/restricted action, and how this differed in the open air. It will allow us to characterise the biomechanics of routine actions, and investigate how 'domestic' art arose out of this. How did visibility affect the nature of these early engravings, and how were they constrained by their environments?

人们在生活空间中如何运作，日常行为的机制如何与旧石器时代艺术的创作和功能相互作用？旧石器时代晚期的家庭生活是什么样的？我们将运用视觉心理学和行动心理学的方法，探索两个具有 16,000 年历史的旧石器时代晚期露营地的帐篷内外以炉灶为中心的活动； Gönnersdorf 和 Oelknitz（德国）。每个都拥有几个经过精心挖掘且易于理解的炉灶，这些炉灶位于平坦的表面和浅凹陷处，上面覆盖着鹅卵石和平坦的石板，这些炉灶在法国和瑞士的当代遗址中更为广泛。贡纳斯多夫 (Gönnersdorf) 的 406 块匾额（奥尔克尼茨 (Oelknitz) 只有两块）上刻有重要的猎物（特别是马、驯鹿和野牛）以及高度风格化的人类女性描绘。不同形式的帐篷结构的证据是有图案的垃圾场，表明用于支撑上层建筑的墙壁、坑和石头，以及石器和屠宰动物骨头的改装，揭示了特定活动发生的地点以及日常生活中内部和外部空间的哪些区域是相互联系的。鉴于其保存、挖掘和档案记录的卓越质量，这两个遗址为审讯提供了卓越的数据库。该项目团队包括最熟悉这些遗址的专家（MONREPOS，德国）、尖端追踪学实验室（MONREPOS）以及旧石器时代考古学家和视觉和行动心理学家，他们正在合作开发对早期手势和艺术进行心理探索的正式方法 （英国达勒姆）。我们将聘请一位一直致力于视觉古心理学领域发展的英国 PDRA 作为我们共同指导的博士生，以及一位德国 PDRA，他将通过五个工作包的累积过程进行追踪学研究。我们将对他们的壁炉和周围发生的活动进行实验（物理）和 VR 模拟重建。在复制和模拟中，我们可以估算当时的光照水平（日光、灯光）。我们将对每个参与者进行身体和眼动追踪，并建立家庭活动的运动特征，例如壁炉建造/清理/再利用；工具制造和维护以及雕刻。我们将在 MONREPOS 追踪实验室对通过实验创建的雕刻进行表征；通过将它们与实际艺术的痕迹学进行比较，我们可以准确地确定它们是如何雕刻的。由此产生的生物力学和视觉特征将使我们能够确定帐篷内部的受限空间如何决定/限制行动，以及这在户外有何不同。它将让我们能够描述日常行为的生物力学特征，并研究“国内”艺术是如何由此产生的。可见度如何影响这些早期版画的性质，它们又如何受到环境的限制？