Household art and activities, Palaeolithic style: the psychology of 16000 year old domestic culture at Gönnersdorf (Rhineland) and Oelnitz (Thuringia)

家庭艺术和活动，旧石器时代风格：Gönnersdorf（莱茵兰）和 Oelnitz（图林根）16000 年前家庭文化的心理

• 批准号: AH/V002899/1
• 负责人: Paul Pettitt
• 金额: $ 32.78万
• 依托单位: Durham University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FV002899%2F1
• 关键词: Household; art; activities; Palaeolithic; style

How did people function in their lifespace, and how did the mechanics of routine actions interact with the creation and function of Palaeolithic art? What did domestic life look like in the Upper Palaeolithic? We will deploy methods from the psychology of vision and action to explore hearth-focussed activities within and without of tents on two 16,000 year old Upper Palaeolithic (Magdalenian) campsites; Gönnersdorf and Oelknitz (Germany). Each possess several well-excavated and well-understood hearths both on flat surfaces and in shallow depressions, covered with cobbles and flat stone plaquettes which are found more widely on contemporary sites in France and Switzerland. At Gönnersdorf 406 plaquettes (at Oelknitz only two) bear engravings of important prey animals (notably horse, reindeer and bison) and highly-stylised depictions of human females. Tent structures of varying form is evidenced by patterned refuse dumps indicative of walls, pits and stones used to support superstructures, and refitting of stone tools and butchered animal bones that reveal where particular activities took place and what areas of internal and external space were linked in daily life. Given the exceptional quality of their preservation, excavation and archival recording, the two sites offer a remarkable database for interrogation. The project's team includes specialists with the greatest familiarity with these sites (MONREPOS, Germany), a cutting-edge traceology laboratory (MONREPOS), and a Palaeolithic archaeologist and psychologist of vision and action who are collaboratively developing formal methods for the psychological exploration of early gestures and art (Durham, UK). We will employ a UK PDRA who has been developing this field of visual palaeopsychology as our jointly supervised PhD, and train a German RA through a cumulative process of five workpackages over a two year project life. We will undertake the experimental (physical) and VR simulated reconstruction of their hearths and activities occurring around them. In both replication and simulation we can approximate light levels at the time (daylight, lamplight). We will body- and eye-track participants in each, and build up a motion characterisation of domestic activities such as hearth construction/clearing/reuse; tool manufacture and maintenance, and engraving. We will characterise the experimentally-created engravings in the MONREPOS traceology laboratory; by comparing these to the traceology of the actual art we can ascertain exactly how these were engraved. The resulting biomechanical & visual characterisation of such will allow us to ascertain how the constrained space in tent interiors determined/restricted action, and how this differed in the open air. It will allow us to characterise the biomechanics of routine actions, and investigate how 'domestic' art arose out of this. How did visibility affect the nature of these early engravings, and how were they constrained by their environments?

人们在生活中是如何发挥作用的，日常活动的机制是如何与旧石器时代艺术的创造和功能相互作用的？旧石器时代晚期的家庭生活是什么样子的？我们将从视觉和行动的心理学方法部署，以探索两个16，000年前的旧石器时代晚期（马格达伦）营地内和帐篷外的炉边活动; Gönnersdorf和Oeldorz（德国）。每一个都有几个挖掘得很好、很好理解的壁炉，它们都在平坦的表面和浅的凹陷处，上面覆盖着鹅卵石和平坦的石头斑块，这些在法国和瑞士的当代遗址上更广泛地发现。在贡纳斯多夫，有406块饰板（在奥埃尔茨只有两块）刻有重要的猎物（特别是马、驯鹿和野牛）和高度风格化的人类女性肖像。各种形式的帐篷结构可以通过有图案的垃圾堆来证明，这些垃圾堆表明用于支撑上层建筑的墙壁，坑和石头，以及改装的石器和屠宰的动物骨头，这些都揭示了特定活动发生的地方以及内部和外部空间的哪些区域与日常生活有关。鉴于它们的保存、挖掘和档案记录的特殊质量，这两个遗址为审讯提供了一个了不起的数据库。该项目的团队包括对这些遗址最熟悉的专家（MONREPOS，德国），一个尖端的痕迹学实验室（MONREPOS），以及一位旧石器时代考古学家和视觉和行动心理学家，他们正在合作开发早期手势和艺术心理探索的正式方法（达勒姆，英国）。我们将聘请英国PDRA谁一直在开发这个领域的视觉古心理学作为我们共同监督的博士，并通过五个工作包在两年的项目生命的累积过程中培养德国RA。我们将进行实验（物理）和VR模拟重建他们的壁炉和周围发生的活动。在复制和模拟中，我们可以近似当时的光照水平（日光，灯光）。我们将在每一个参与者的身体和眼睛跟踪，并建立一个家庭活动，如壁炉建设/清理/再利用的运动特征;工具制造和维护，雕刻。我们将在蒙雷波斯痕迹学实验室中对实验性创作的版画进行分析;通过将这些版画与实际艺术的痕迹学进行比较，我们可以确切地确定这些版画是如何雕刻的。由此产生的生物力学和视觉特征将使我们能够确定帐篷内部的受限空间如何决定/限制行动，以及这在户外有何不同。它将使我们能够研究日常动作的生物力学，并研究“家庭”艺术是如何由此产生的。可见性如何影响这些早期雕刻的性质，以及它们如何受到环境的限制？

项目成果

The visual psychology of European Upper Palaeolithic figurative art: using Bubbles to understand outline depictions

欧洲旧石器时代晚期具象艺术的视觉心理学：用气泡理解轮廓描绘

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: World Archaeology
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: Meyering, Lisa-Elen

Bringing science to the study of ancient senses - archaeology and visual psychology

将科学带入古代感官研究 - 考古学和视觉心理学

• DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2020.1909932
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: World Archaeology
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: Pettitt P