What are Friends For? The Adaptive Value of Social Bonds

朋友有什么用？

• 批准号: 0003245
• 负责人: Joan Silk
• 金额: $ 12.56万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-04-01 至 2005-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0003245&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: What; Friends; Adaptive; Value; Social

The objective of this study is to investigate the role that social bonds play in the lives of female primates. For primate females, close social bonds may represent an effective response to competitive pressures. When ecological conditions favor joint defense of resources, selection is expected to favor the development of strong social bonds with potential allies. Empirical tests of these linkages have produced equivocal results and little is now known about the long-term effects of social bonds on females' lives. This study will produce comprehensive information about the nature of social relationships, coalitionary support, feeding competition, and aggression among adult female baboons in five well-habituated groups in Amboseli National Park, Kenya. Archival data on female relationships and reproductive histories will be used to evaluate whether variation in the quality of female social relationships is consistently linked to variation in longevity or reproductive success. Together, these analyses will provide new evidence about the structure and function of social bonds among nonhuman primate females. The hominid fossil record suggests that hominids have always lived in groups, and the extent of sexual dimorphism suggests that the earliest hominids lived in groups that contained multiple females. Ecological pressures may have shaped the nature of social relationships among hominid females, particularly their capacity for collective action and their propensity to form close social bonds. The data obtained in this study will help us to construct more richly textured models of the lives and social relationships of early hominids and to develop a better understanding of the selective forces that shaped the human capacity for cooperation, establishing alliances, and friendship.

本研究的目的是探讨社会关系在雌性灵长类动物生活中的作用。对于灵长类女性来说，亲密的社会关系可能是对竞争压力的有效反应。当生态条件有利于共同防御资源时，自然选择倾向于与潜在盟友建立牢固的社会关系。对这些联系的实证测试产生了模棱两可的结果，现在对社会关系对女性生活的长期影响知之甚少。本研究将提供有关肯尼亚安博塞利国家公园五个习惯良好的群体中成年雌性狒狒的社会关系、联盟支持、喂养竞争和攻击性质的全面信息。关于女性关系和生殖历史的档案数据将用于评估女性社会关系质量的变化是否始终与寿命或生殖成功的变化有关。总之，这些分析将为非人灵长类雌性动物社会纽带的结构和功能提供新的证据。原始人类的化石记录表明，原始人类一直生活在群体中，而性别二态性的程度表明，最早的原始人类生活在包含多个女性的群体中。生态压力可能塑造了原始人女性之间社会关系的本质，特别是她们集体行动的能力和形成密切社会关系的倾向。这项研究中获得的数据将帮助我们构建更丰富的早期原始人生活和社会关系模型，并更好地理解塑造人类合作、建立联盟和友谊能力的选择性力量。