Phase Transitions and Scaling in Non-Equilibrium Systems

相对而言，人们对远离热平衡的系统中的相变、一般标度和普适性知之甚少。然而，许多分析和计算研究是基于简化的理论模型，其唯一的理由是普遍性类的存在。这项理论资助旨在通过两种不同但互补的方法，即(i)通过研究简单的基本模型，（ii）通过分析具体的实验，促进目前对真正非平衡系统的理解。在(i)中，将使用场论表示和重整化群。将分析平衡临界动力学通用性类，以确定它们如何受到违反详细平衡条件的影响。研究了空间各向异性噪声对动力学的影响。本文还将研究噪声相关性的影响。在（ii）中，将分析各种非平衡物理条件。这些包括发光聚合物；无序高温超导体驱动磁通量动力学复杂生物反应系统；可能处于亚稳玻璃态热力学状态的脱水生物体的物理学。还将继续编写关于临界动力学的研究生教材。该基金支持各种非平衡系统的基础和应用理论研究。这是一个影响许多常见系统的研究领域；生命本身就是一个非平衡系统。平衡态系统的研究已经取得了很大进展，而对非平衡态系统的认识还处于形成阶段。要研究的系统包括发光聚合物、高温超导体和各种生物系统

0075725TauberPhase Transitions, generic scaling, and universality in systems far from thermal equilibrium are comparatively poorly understood. Yet, many analytic and computational studies are based on simplified theoretical models, the only justification for which is the existence of universality classes. This theoretical grant aims to advance the current understanding of genuinely non-equilibrium systems via two different but complementary approaches, namely (i) through studying simple fundamental models, and (ii) by analyzing specific experiments.In (i), field-theoretic representations and the renormalization group will be used. The equilibrium critical dynamics universality classes will be analyzed to determine how they are affected by violating detailed balance conditions. The effects of spatially anisotropic noise on the dynamics will be studied. The influence of noise correlations will also be studied. In (ii), a variety of non-equilibrium physical conditions will be analyzed. These include light-emitting polymers; the dynamics of driven magnetic flux in disordered high temperature superconductors; complex biological reaction systems; the physics of dehydrated organisms which may be in a metastable glassy thermodynamic state. Work will also continue on teh writing of a graduate textbook on critical dynamics.%%%This grant supports theoretical research on foundations and applications for a variety of non-equilibrium systems. This is a field of research which affects many common systems; life itself is a non-equilibrium system. The study of systems in equilibrium is much more advanced, whereas the understanding of non-equilibrium systems is still in a formative phase. Systems to be studied include light-emitting polymers, high temperature superconductors, and various biological systems.***