Phase Transitions and Scaling in Non-Equilibrium Systems

非平衡系统中的相变和缩放

• 批准号: 0075725
• 负责人: Uwe Tauber
• 金额: $ 17万
• 依托单位: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-06-01 至 2004-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0075725&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Phase; Transitions; Scaling; Non; Equilibrium

0075725TauberPhase Transitions, generic scaling, and universality in systems far from thermal equilibrium are comparatively poorly understood. Yet, many analytic and computational studies are based on simplified theoretical models, the only justification for which is the existence of universality classes. This theoretical grant aims to advance the current understanding of genuinely non-equilibrium systems via two different but complementary approaches, namely (i) through studying simple fundamental models, and (ii) by analyzing specific experiments.In (i), field-theoretic representations and the renormalization group will be used. The equilibrium critical dynamics universality classes will be analyzed to determine how they are affected by violating detailed balance conditions. The effects of spatially anisotropic noise on the dynamics will be studied. The influence of noise correlations will also be studied. In (ii), a variety of non-equilibrium physical conditions will be analyzed. These include light-emitting polymers; the dynamics of driven magnetic flux in disordered high temperature superconductors; complex biological reaction systems; the physics of dehydrated organisms which may be in a metastable glassy thermodynamic state. Work will also continue on teh writing of a graduate textbook on critical dynamics.%%%This grant supports theoretical research on foundations and applications for a variety of non-equilibrium systems. This is a field of research which affects many common systems; life itself is a non-equilibrium system. The study of systems in equilibrium is much more advanced, whereas the understanding of non-equilibrium systems is still in a formative phase. Systems to be studied include light-emitting polymers, high temperature superconductors, and various biological systems.***

0075725陶伯相变，通用标度，以及远离热平衡系统的普遍性相对知之甚少。 然而，许多分析和计算研究都是基于简化的理论模型，唯一的理由是普适类的存在。 该理论资助旨在通过两种不同但互补的方法来推进对真正非平衡系统的当前理解，即（i）通过研究简单的基本模型，以及（ii）通过分析具体的实验。在（i）中，场论表示和重整化群将被使用。 平衡临界动力学普适类将被分析，以确定它们如何受到违反详细平衡条件的影响。 将研究空间各向异性噪声对动力学的影响。 还将研究噪声相关性的影响。 在（ii）中，将分析各种非平衡物理条件。 这些包括发光聚合物;无序高温超导体中驱动磁通量的动力学;复杂的生物反应系统;可能处于亚稳态玻璃态热力学状态的脱水生物体的物理学。 我们还将继续编写一本关于临界动力学的研究生教科书。该补助金支持各种非平衡系统的基础和应用的理论研究。 这是一个影响许多共同系统的研究领域;生命本身就是一个非平衡系统。 对平衡态系统的研究要先进得多，而对非平衡态系统的理解仍处于形成阶段。 待研究的系统包括发光聚合物、高温超导体和各种生物系统。