Representing and Learning from Classroom Processes

基于视频的创新技术为教学过程打开了新的窗口。然而，使用视频实例作为教学指导方法的经验表明，在这项技术成为改善教育的基础之前，还有一些重要的障碍需要克服。本建议将解决开发有效方法所涉及的问题，以使用课堂过程的视频记录作为帮助教师反思教与学过程的手段。本研究有两个主要相关目标：1)研究从视频中学习所涉及的认知过程，并开发材料和任务的有效组合，以促进教师对课堂过程的理解；2)开发新的方法来制作和传播课堂过程的视频记录，克服当前技术的一些主要局限性。拟议的研究将描述视频材料的问题空间和观众任务，以找到一套最佳的程序，有效地将课堂视频中的小片段作为一种教育技术。为了促进结果的泛化，拟议的研究将包括两个年级的儿童（1 & 4），并将重点放在小学数学的两个中心主题上（一年级学习数字表示和位值，四年级学习分数表示和等价）。该系统将测试其对教师理解、教学实践和学生学习的影响。该系统将利用互联网开发和实施教师学习社区。开发和测试这些材料的经验也将有助于将该方法扩展到其他等级和领域。

Innovative video-based techniques are opening new windows on the processes involved in teaching and learning. Yet experiences with using video examples as a method of providing instruction about teaching suggests that there are important obstacles to be overcome before this technology can serve as the basis for improving education. This proposal will address the problems involved in developing effective ways to use video records of classroom processes as a means to help teachers reflect on the processes of teaching and learning. The research has two major related goals: 1) studying the cognitive processes involved in learning from video and developing effective combinations of materials and tasks that promote teacher understanding of classroom processes, and 2) developing new methods for producing and disseminating video records of classroom processes that overcome some of the major limitations of current techniques. The proposed studies will describe the problem space of video materials and viewer tasks to find an optimal set of procedures for effectively using vignettes taken from classroom video as an educational technique. To promote generalization of results, the proposed studies will include children at two grade levels (1 & 4) and focus on two central topics in elementary school mathematics (learning about number representation and place value in grade 1, and learning about fraction representation and equivalence in grade 4). The system will be tested for its impact on teacher understanding, teaching practices, and student learning. The system will use the Internet to develop and implement teacher learning communities. Experience in developing and testing these materials will also facilitate extending the approach to other grades and domains.