A Specimen-Level Database of the North American and Mexican Wild Bees (Apoidea) at the University of Kansas

摘要：堪萨斯大学北美和墨西哥野生蜜蜂标本级数据库新的计算和信息技术为利用博物馆收藏的数据来解决涉及保护、预测建模、分布可视化以及其他生物现象的研究项目提供了创新机会。不幸的是，很少有昆虫或其他无脊椎动物的数据库可以与这些新工具一起使用。野蜂（野蜂总科）在世界范围内已描述的种类超过20,000种，在自然经济中发挥着深远的作用；作为传粉者，它们对构建生态系统至关重要，并对农业产生重大影响。堪萨斯大学优秀的蜜蜂采集数据将被输入一个现代关系数据库，以使它们成为生物信息学研究的货币。该项目将1)从KU自然历史博物馆/生物多样性研究中心昆虫学部门收集的35,400个墨西哥标本和120,000个北美Apoidea（蜜蜂）标本（7个科，2272个北美和838个墨西哥物种）中获取标本数据，并将其保存在一个完全相关的数据库中；2)为地点信息提供地理参考（纬度和经度），使数据最大限度地为不同的用户提供有用的信息；3)使用Z39.50查询和检索协议，使该数据库能够在万维网上以完全可检索的形式提供。这将是墨西哥和北美蜜蜂标本数据的第一个综合数据库，将包括近20万个个体标本记录，代表超过3100个物种的数据，与墨西哥蜜蜂的现有数据相结合。一旦这些蜜蜂的数据被捕获、验证并准确地进行地理参考，用户社区就可以永久地访问它们。该数据库将在网上使用Z39.50协议进行搜索和数据检索。检索到的数据将与其他可能开发或在线放置的蜜蜂数据库进行互操作，并与地理空间、建模和其他分析工具（如“物种分析”、“生物多样性研讨会”和Arcview）进行系统学、生态学和生物多样性动态研究。生物多样性数据的制图、可视化和建模程序不断改进，从而增加了蜜蜂数据库的价值。通过将这些材料纳入数据库，特别是地理位置参考数据，将有可能将分布模式与其他植物和动物群体的分布模式联系起来，以进行更广泛的生物地理学研究，其中包括有关温度变化、土壤类型和其他物理数据的地理信息。这些数据将用于有关本地传粉媒介、农业、生物多样性、生物地理学、保护和资源管理以及基础和比较研究计划的政策决策。

ABSTRACT0096905A specimen-level database of the North American and Mexican wild bees at the University of KansasNew computational and information technology provides innovative opportunities to use data resident in museum collections to address research projects involving conservation, predictive modeling, visualization of distributions, as well as other biological phenomena. Unfortunately, few databases for insects or other invertebrates exist for use with these new tools. The wild bees (superfamily Apoidea), with over 20,000 described species world-wide, play a profound role in the economy of nature; as pollinators, they are critically important in structuring ecosystems and have a major impact on agriculture. Data in the excellent bee collection at the University of Kansas will be entered in a modern relational database in order to bring them into a currency for research in biological informatics. This project will 1) capture specimen data from 35,400 specimens of Mexican and 120,000 specimens of North American Apoidea (bees) (7 families; 2272 North American and 838 Mexican species) from the collection of the Division of Entomology of the KU Natural History Museum/Biodiversity Research Center in a fully relational database; 2) provide georeferencing (latitude and longitude) for locality information so that the data are maximally useful to the greatest diversity of users; and 3) make this database available in fully searchable form on the World Wide Web using Z39.50 query and retrieval protocol.This will be the first comprehensive database of specimen data for Mexican and North American Apoidea (bees) and will include nearly 200,000 individual specimen records, representing data for over 3,100 species, when combined with existing data for Mexican bees. Once the data for these bees are captured, verified and accurately georeferenced, they become permanently accessible to the user community. The database will be web accessible using Z39.50 protocols for search and data retrieval. Retrieved data will be interoperable with other bee databases that may be developed or placed on-line, and with geospatial, modeling and other analytical tools (such as "Species Analyst," Biodiversity Workshop, and Arcview) for research in systematics, ecology, and biodiversity dynamics. Programs for mapping, visualization and modeling of biodiversity data are constantly improving, thereby increasing the value of the bee database. By bringing this material into a database, particularly with georeferenced locality data, it will be possible to associate distributional patterns with those of other plant and animal groups for broader biogeographical studies incorporating G.I.S. information on temperature clines, soil types, and other physical data. The data will be available for use in policy decisions concerning native pollinators, agriculture, biological diversity, biogeography, conservation, and resource management as well as basic and comparative research programs.