19th century carpentry in Germany

本研究涉及以下主题：1)19世纪木结构建筑的历史2)纪念碑保护的实践方面3)历史木结构的结构分析1)19世纪木结构建筑的历史发展直到现在几乎没有受到任何关注，特别是参考现有的结构。因此，极其希望至少有一个仍然存在的结构的代表性样本作为研究该主题的基础。在本项目的第一阶段，已经测量、分析和记录了大约40个结构；由于所涉及的建筑类型和所采用的建筑类型的变化，这些数量可观的物品足以让我们对19世纪的发展有一个初步的印象。事实证明，保存下来的建筑与当代教科书和论文中呈现的结构只是部分相符。到目前为止，尽管对印刷材料和档案材料进行了广泛的研究，但技术文献和知识转移手段的作用仍然不清楚。当涉及到评估19世纪木结构建筑的历史价值时，保护机构通常会感到非常不安。目前的研究项目旨在提供一份标准目录，以便在结构的创新性、工艺质量、建设性解决方案的独特性等方面对保存的结构进行有根据的评估。(3)由于传统方面（桁架布置、接缝）和“现代工程”解决方案（桁架设计、接缝）的混合，19世纪木结构的实际结构评估非常复杂。因此，承载机制并不总是直截了当的。将对选定的实例进行承重机制的研究，并尝试基于对实际结构的详细观察进行验证。

The present study addresses the following topics: 1) Construction history of carpentry structures in the 19th century 2) Practical aspects of monument conservation 3) Structural analysis of historic timber structuresad 1) The historic development of timber construction in the 19th century has almost not received any attention until now, particularly with reference to existing structures. Therefore, it is extremely desirable to have at least a representative sample of still-existant structures as a basis for the study of the topic. In the first phase of the present project, around 40 structures have been measured, analyzed and documented; this considerable number of objects ist just about sufficient for obtaining a first impression of the development in the 19th century, owing to the variability of building types concerned and construction types employed. It turns out that the preserved structures are only partially conforming to structures presented in the contemporary textbooks and treatises. Until now, the role of the technical literature and the means of knowledge transfer are still unclear, notwithstanding extensive research in the printed and archival material.ad 2) Conservation agencies typically feel very ill at ease when it comes to assess the historic value of 19th century timber structures. The present research project aims at providing a catalogue of criteria which will enable a well-founded assessment of preserved structure with respect to aspects such as innovativeness of the structure, quality of workmanship, uniqueness of the constructive solution.ad 3) Practical structural assessment of 19th century timber structures is complicated due to the mexing of traditional aspects (truss layout, joints) and "modern engineering" solutions (truss design, joints). Therefore, the load bearing mechanisms are not always straightforward. The load bearing mechanisms will be studied for selected examples, and verification based on detail observations at the real structures will be attempted.