19th century carpentry in Germany

本研究涉及以下主题：1)19世纪木工结构的建造史2)古迹保护的实用方面3)历史木结构的结构分析1)19世纪木结构的历史发展到目前为止几乎没有受到任何关注，特别是关于现存结构的关注。因此，至少有一个有代表性的仍然存在的结构样本作为研究这一主题的基础是非常可取的。在本项目的第一阶段，对大约40个结构进行了测量、分析和记录；由于所涉及的建筑类型和所采用的建筑类型的多样性，这些相当数量的物品足以对19世纪的发展有一个初步的印象。事实证明，保存下来的结构只与当代教科书和论文中的结构部分相符。到目前为止，尽管对印刷和档案材料进行了广泛的研究，但技术文献的作用和知识转移的手段仍然不清楚。本研究项目的目的是提供一个标准目录，以便能够从结构的创新性、工艺质量、施工方案的独特性等方面对保存下来的结构进行有理有据的评估。因此，承载机制并不总是简单的。将针对选定的实例研究承载机制，并尝试基于对真实结构的详细观察进行验证。

The present study addresses the following topics: 1) Construction history of carpentry structures in the 19th century 2) Practical aspects of monument conservation 3) Structural analysis of historic timber structuresad 1) The historic development of timber construction in the 19th century has almost not received any attention until now, particularly with reference to existing structures. Therefore, it is extremely desirable to have at least a representative sample of still-existant structures as a basis for the study of the topic. In the first phase of the present project, around 40 structures have been measured, analyzed and documented; this considerable number of objects ist just about sufficient for obtaining a first impression of the development in the 19th century, owing to the variability of building types concerned and construction types employed. It turns out that the preserved structures are only partially conforming to structures presented in the contemporary textbooks and treatises. Until now, the role of the technical literature and the means of knowledge transfer are still unclear, notwithstanding extensive research in the printed and archival material.ad 2) Conservation agencies typically feel very ill at ease when it comes to assess the historic value of 19th century timber structures. The present research project aims at providing a catalogue of criteria which will enable a well-founded assessment of preserved structure with respect to aspects such as innovativeness of the structure, quality of workmanship, uniqueness of the constructive solution.ad 3) Practical structural assessment of 19th century timber structures is complicated due to the mexing of traditional aspects (truss layout, joints) and "modern engineering" solutions (truss design, joints). Therefore, the load bearing mechanisms are not always straightforward. The load bearing mechanisms will be studied for selected examples, and verification based on detail observations at the real structures will be attempted.