Arabidopsis 2010: Analysis of Four Families of Receptor Protein Kinases

受体样蛋白激酶（RLKs）是拟南芥蛋白激酶中最大的一类。根据系统发育分析，这一类蛋白激酶包含跨膜和细胞质蛋白激酶，至少有610个成员，占拟南芥蛋白编码基因的2.5%左右。其中417个RLK基因含有一个假定的配体结合结构域、一个单一的跨膜结构域和一个预测的细胞质蛋白激酶结构域，因此被预测为具有受体功能。根据细胞外结构域的序列，这417个基因可分为21种不同的类型。然而，目前关于跨膜RLKs的功能信息还不到12个。该研究将重点关注包含细胞外富亮氨酸重复序列（lrr）的216个RLK基因中的61个。拟南芥中的6个RLK突变体：erecta、clavata1、brassino类固醇不敏感1、excess microsporocytes1、vascular highway1和haesa，属于LRR VII、X、XI和XII家族。基于对这6个已被充分表征的LRR RLKs功能的了解，我们有理由假设许多未被表征的LRR VII、X、XI和XIII基因可能在植物生长发育中发挥有趣而重要的作用。两个新出现的主题是：受体激酶是调节蛋白的细胞网络的一部分，包括与其他RLKs的物理相互作用，一些受体激酶参与类似或重叠的过程。利用现有的工具和技术，每个基因的生物学功能将通过分离和鉴定功能丧失和功能获得突变以及检查LRR VII、X、XI和XIII基因的表达来确定。通过这些蛋白激酶介导信号的调节网络也将被定义。基因网络：网址：http://www.mcb.arizona.edu/tax/login.cfm上的图显示了本项目中LRR RLKs的系统发育树和项目的简短描述。这将被链接到法国税务的网站。TAIR， PlantsP和其他项目参与者的网站都会有链接。确定功能的定义：这些RLKs的功能将通过分析单个和多个突变体的表型，并通过酵母双杂交系统的结果分析这些RLKs参与的网络来确定。表型测试的其他信息将来自对表达模式的分析以及其他人在特定环境条件下对RLK活性的分析。共享结果的内容、方式、时间和地点：当单个或多个插入或TILLING突变被验证时，它们将被添加到项目网站，并将种子发送到库存中心。使用Gantlet协议的表型筛选结果将在网站上显示，以及启动子：GUS表达模式的照片。这些结果也将与PlantsP联系起来。本项目产生的所有种子、菌株和分子试剂都将存放在ABRC中，并附有完整的描述。这些实验的结果也将在会议上提出，并及时提交发表。这个2010年的项目以一组功能未知的独特植物基因为目标，这些基因预计在控制植物生长和发育中起着重要作用。尽管我们对其他具有完整基因组的生物体中的信号网络了解甚多，但对植物细胞感知和转导发育和环境信号的机制知之甚少。最近开发的几种工具和技术的可用性为快速推进对LRR RLKs生物学功能的理解提供了手段。更广泛的影响该项目的更广泛影响包括与高中教师合作，为参加植物研究与教育伙伴关系（PREP）的高中生改编研究材料，以及为教师和科学家开发培训讲习班，使他们为参加PREP做好准备。该项目还为代表性不足的少数群体的本科生提供具体的指导和培训。

The receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) are the largest class of Arabidopsis protein kinases. This class, which based on phylogenetic analysis contains both transmembrane and cytoplasmic protein kinases, consists of at least 610 members and thus represents about 2.5% of the protein encoding genes in Arabidopsis . 417 of the RLK genes contain a putative ligand binding domain, a single transmembrane domain and a predicted cytoplasmic protein kinase domain, and thus are predicted to function as receptors. These 417 genes can be classified into 21 different types based on the sequences found in their extracellular domains. However, there is currently functional information on fewer than a dozen of the transmembrane RLKs. This research will focus on 61 of the 216 RLK genes that contain extracellular leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Six well characterized RLK mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana :erecta, clavata1, brassinosteroid insensitive1, excess microsporocytes1, vascular highway1, and haesa belong to the LRR VII, X, XI and XII families. Based on what is known about the functions of these six well characterized LRR RLKs it is reasonable to hypothesize that many of the uncharacterized LRR VII, X, XI and XIII genes are likely to play interesting and important roles in plant growth and development. Two emerging themes are: that receptor kinases are part of a cellular network of regulatory proteins that includes physical interactions with other RLKs, and that some receptor kinases are involved in similar or overlapping processes. Using existing tools and technologies, the biological functions of each gene will be determined by isolation and characterization of both loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations and examination of expression of the LRR VII, X, XI and XIII genes. The regulatory networks that mediate signaling by these protein kinases will also be defined.Network of genes: The figure on the URL :http://www.mcb.arizona.edu/tax/login.cfm, shows a phylogenetic tree of the LRR RLKs in this project and a short description of the project. This will be linked to Frans Tax 's website. There will be links to this from TAIR, PlantsP and the websites from the other participants in the project.Definition of determining the function: The function of these RLKs will be determined through the analysis of the phenotypes of single and multiple mutants and by analysis of the networks these RLKs participate in through results from the yeast two-hybrid system. Additional information to test for phenotypes will come from analysis of the expression patterns and from the analysis by others on RLK activity under specific environmental conditions.What,how,when and where results will be shared: When single or multiple insertion or TILLING mutants are verified, they will be added to the project website and seeds sent to the stock center. The results of phenotypic screens using Gantlet protocols will be displayed on the website,as well photographs of the promoter:GUS expression patterns. These results will also be linked to PlantsP. All seed, strains and molecular reagents generated by this project will be deposited in the ABRC with a full description. Results from these experiments will also be presented at meetings and submitted for publication in a timely manner.This 2010 project targets a unique set of plant genes of unknown function that are expected to have fundamental roles in the control of plant growth and development. Although a great deal is known about signaling networks in other organisms with completed genomes, relatively little is known about the mechanisms by which plant cells perceive and transduce developmental and environmental signals. The availability of several recently developed tools and technologies provides the means to rapidly advance the understanding of the biological functions of the LRR RLKs .Broader ImpactsThe broader impacts of the project include the partnership with high school teachers to adapt the research materials for high school students participating in the Partnership for Research and Education in Plants (PREP), as well as the development of training workshops for teachers and scientists to prepare them to participate in PREP. This project also provides specific mentoring and training for undergraduate students that are members of underrepresented minority groups.